New is not always costly: evidence from online processing of topic and contrast in Japanese.
New is not always costly: evidence from online processing of topic and contrast in Japanese.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00363
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Schumacher PB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang L;Schumacher PB
本研究采用两个视觉ERP实验，考察了日语指称加工中不同线索（如话语语境、主语位置、标记语）对主题和对比的影响。实验一表明，当新名词短语被预期（对比聚焦）时，新名词短语与给定名词短语的N400没有差异。实验2进一步揭示了新NP的N400可以通过标记诱导的NP的对比意义（穷尽性）来调节。这两个实验还表明，新的NP产生了增加的后期积极性。新与给定的N400减少支持基于预期的链接机制。此外，新的与给定的实体一致观察到的成本出现在随后的过程中，其中新的NP的出现需要更新和纠正的话语表示迄今为止，这是由增强的后期积极性索引。我们认为，整体的数据模式应该在一个多流模型的话语处理最好的解释。
Two visual ERP experiments were conducted to investigate topic and contrast assigned by various cues such as discourse context, sentential position, and marker during referential processing in Japanese. Experiment 1 showed that there was no N400-difference for new vs. given noun phrases (NPs) when the new NP was expected (contrastively focused) based on its preceding context and sentential position. Experiment 2 further revealed that the N400 for new NPs can be modulated by the NP's contrastive meaning (exhaustivity) induced from the marker. Both experiments also showed that new NPs engendered an increased Late Positivity. The reduced N400 for new vs. given supports an expectation-based linking mechanism. In addition, costs that were consistently observed for new vs. given entities emerged in a subsequent process, in which the new NP's occurrence requires updating and correcting of the discourse representation built so far, which is indexed by an enhanced Late Positivity. We argue that the overall data pattern should be best explained within a multi-stream model of discourse processing.
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