Basic and translational research in neonatal pharmacology.
Basic and translational research in neonatal pharmacology.
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新生儿药理学基础和转化研究。
DOI：
10.1038/sj.jp.7211423
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Albertine,KH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ward,RM;Lane,RH;Albertine,KH
目前存活的极不成熟新生儿需要进行药理学研究。需要对先前在更成熟的新生儿中建立的药物治疗和新的药物治疗进行研究。需要仔细的对照研究，以准确地确定有益和有害的药物治疗以及这种毒性的机制。对药物处置及其机制的仔细药理学研究可能导致将毒性降至最低并使疗效最大化的给药范例或患者选择。在体内，新生儿疾病的翻译模型是有限的，但可以用来确定新的治疗方法，并研究已建立的、成功的治疗机制。这类研究的发现可以为人类研究产生假设，导致从床边到长凳再到床边的持续科学交流。同样，临床观察可以为在转换模型中进行研究产生假设，在转换模型中可以进行更具侵入性的分析。药物治疗的特定领域应侧重于具有长期不良后果的新生儿疾病，如慢性肺部疾病，这是适合动物模型转化研究的。国家数据显示，进入生物医学研究的临床医生-科学家队伍正在逐步减少。新生儿药理学研究的未来需要增加对内科科学家的培训计划，他们的新生儿临床教育可以得到严格的基础科学培训的补充。作为一名成功的临床科学家，将需要与全职基础科学家合作，他们可以在临床工作期间继续研究，并为整体研究设计提供关键的研究方法。这样的工作环境必须得到学术机构的支持，在晋升和终身教职的时间表和过程中可能需要更多的灵活性，例如它所奖励的性质。为了补充这一点，美国国立卫生研究院可以修改其拨款报告程序，以确定研究中可能为研究概念和设计提供独特意见的联合调查员，例如临床相关性或临床研究。
Pharmacologic study is needed in the extremely immature newborns who currently survive. Study is needed of both the drug treatment previously established in more mature neonates and of novel drug therapy. Carefully controlled studies are needed to identify accurately both beneficial and harmful drug therapy and the mechanisms of that toxicity. Careful pharmacologic study of drug disposition and its mechanisms might lead to dosing paradigms or patient selection that minimize toxicity and maximize efficacy. In vivo, translational models of neonatal diseases are limited, but can be used to identify novel treatments and study mechanisms of established, successful therapy. Findings from such studies can generate hypotheses for study in humans leading to a continuing scientific interchange from bedside to bench to bedside. Similarly, clinical observations can generate hypotheses for study in translational models where more invasive analyses are possible. Specific areas of drug treatment should focus on neonatal disorders with long-term, adverse outcomes, such as chronic lung disease, that is amenable to translational study with animal models. National data show a progressive decrease in the clinician-scientist pool entering biomedical research. The future of neonatal pharmacology studies requires an increase in training programs for the physician-scientist whose clinical education in neonatology can be complemented by rigorous basic-science training. Success as a clinician-scientist will require collaboration with full-time basic scientists who can continue studies during periods of clinical work and provide critical study methodology to the overall study design. Such a work environment must be supported by academic institutions and may require more flexibility in the promotion and tenure schedule and process, such as the nature of what it rewards. To complement this, the NIH could modify its grant reporting process to identify co-investigators in studies who may provide unique input to the study concepts and design, such as clinical correlations or clinical investigations.
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兔膝关节积液量、关节位置和持续被动运动对关节内压的影响。
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
S. O’Driscoll;A. Kumar;R. Salter
通讯作者：
R. Salter
影响因子：
1.1
作者：
J. F. Guhl
通讯作者：
J. F. Guhl
脊柱侧弯的自然史和学校筛查
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1988
期刊：
The Orthopedic cllinics of North America
影响因子：
--
作者：
J. Lonstein
通讯作者：
J. Lonstein
膝关节类风湿性关节炎的关节内压力。
影响因子：
27.4
作者：
A J Jayson MISt Dixon
通讯作者：
A J Jayson MISt Dixon
神经血管解剖学和肘关节镜检查：固有风险。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1986
期刊：
Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopy And Related
影响因子：
--
作者：
G. Lynch;J. Meyers;T. Whipple;R. Caspari
通讯作者：
R. Caspari