ROTATIONAL KINEMATICS OF THE HUMAN VESTIBULOOCULAR REFLEX .1. GAIN MATRICES
ROTATIONAL KINEMATICS OF THE HUMAN VESTIBULOOCULAR REFLEX .1. GAIN MATRICES
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.1994.72.5.2467
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发表时间：
1994-11-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
KOENIG, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
TWEED, D;SIEVERING, D;KOENIG, E
1. 本系列三篇论文旨在描述人类旋转前庭眼反射 (VOR) 的三维运动学输入输出关系，并确定这些关系的功能优势。在第一篇论文中，通过使用 VOR 增益的三维模拟来量化对黑暗中 0.3 Hz、最大速度 37.5 度/秒的正弦旋转的响应：一个 3 X 3 矩阵，其中每个元素描述眼速度的一个分量（扭转、垂直或水平）对头速度的一个分量的依赖性。2。指示共线增益（即，扭转眼速度对扭转头速度、垂直对垂直、水平对水平的依赖性）的三个矩阵元素小于最佳视网膜图像稳定所需的-1。在这三者中，扭转增益最弱：绕地球垂直轴旋转为-0.37，而垂直和水平增益为-0.73 和-0.64。表示串扰的矩阵元素大多可以忽略不计。顺时针头部运动有眼球向左旋转的趋势，但这在统计上并不显着。3．比较了绕地球垂直轴和地球水平轴旋转的 VOR 响应。地球水平轴旋转过程中，由于重力矢量相对于头部的旋转而导致的耳石输入的变化对共线增益没有影响。4．除了高达 10 度的扭转相位超前之外，没有一致的相位超前或滞后，通常顺时针头旋转与逆时针头旋转以及斜轴旋转与纯扭转相比更明显。5。当头部旋转的扭转分量只是主要垂直或水平旋转的一小部分时，即当头部旋转的轴靠近额平面时，扭转增益被放大，平均为-0.52。因为大多数自然头部旋转都围绕这些轴发生，所以扭转 VOR 可能比对纯扭转的响应所暗示的要强一些。6。受试者响应给定刺激的眼球旋转速度差异很大，但旋转方向却更加一致。对于围绕额平面外的倾斜轴的头部旋转，眼轴和头轴存在系统性错位，眼轴向额平面倾斜。这些发现可以基于 VOR 平衡旋转眼睛的肌肉力量与视网膜滑移成本的策略来解释。
1. This series of three papers aims to describe the three-dimensional, kinematic input-output relations of the rotational vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) in humans, and to identify the functional advantages of these relations. In this first paper the response to sinusoidal rotation in darkness at 0.3 Hz, maximum speed 37.5 degrees/s, was quantified by the use of the three-dimensional analogue of VOR gain: a 3 X 3 matrix where each element describes the dependence of one component (torsional, vertical, or horizontal) of eye velocity on one component of head velocity.2. The three matrix elements indicating collinear gains (i.e., dependence of torsional eye velocity on torsional head velocity, vertical on vertical, and horizontal on horizontal) were smaller than the -1's required for optimal retinal image stabilization. Of these three the torsional gain was weakest: -0.37 for rotation about an earth-vertical axis, versus -0.73 and -0.64 for vertical and horizontal gains. Matrix elements indicating cross talk were mostly negligible. There was a tendency to leftward eye rotation in response to clockwise head motion, but this was not statistically significant.3. VOR responses were compared for rotation about earth-vertical and earth-horizontal axes. The varying otolith input due to the rotation of the gravity vector relative to the head during earth-horizontal axis rotation made no difference to the collinear gains.4. There were no consistent phase leads or lags except for a torsional phase lead of up to 10 degrees, usually more marked for clockwise head rotation versus counterclockwise, and for oblique axis rotations versus purely torsional.5. Torsional gain was magnified, averaging -0.52, when the torsional component of head rotation was only a small part of a predominantly vertical or horizontal rotation, i.e., when the axis of head rotation was near the frontal plane. Because most natural head rotations occur about such axes, the torsional VOR is probably somewhat stronger than the response to pure torsion would suggest.6. The speed of eye rotation in response to a given stimulus varied widely among subjects, but the direction of rotation was much more uniform. For head rotations about oblique axes out of the frontal plane, there was a systematic misalignment of eye and head axes, with eye axes tilted toward the frontal plane. These findings can be explained on the basis of a strategy where the VOR balances the muscular effort of rotating the eyes against the cost of retinal slip.