Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) Science Rationale
Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) Science Rationale
复制标题
全球大地测量系统 (GGOS) 科学原理
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
G. Beutler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Rummel;M. Rothacher;G. Beutler
导论.“生活在一个不安的星球上”，这是美国宇航局固体地球科学工作组（2002年）发表的报告的主题。大地，是一片辽阔的大地，是一片辽阔的海洋，是一片辽阔的大地，是一片辽阔的大地。它是受众多的动态过程，涵盖了广泛的各种空间和时间尺度，并由大的内部和外部力量驱动。在现代，这些过程也受到了人为影响;在多大程度上仍然是未知的。地震、火山爆发、构造变形、滑坡、冰川消融、海平面上升、洪水、荒漠化、风暴、全球变暖等等都是这一高度动态引擎的典型和众所周知的现象。所有这些都影响到我们的生活和后代的生活。人类社会面临的重大决策将取决于对这一复杂系统的更深入理解，目前，政府和科学界正在为此目标做出巨大的国际努力。在国际大地测量协会（IAG）的保护伞下组织起来的国际大地测量界正准备为系统地球的研究贡献一个新的、非常重要的部分。它将在全球范围内提供我们的星球、海洋、冰盖和陆地表面形状的空间和时间变化。换句话说，这将是我们星球表面动力学的一幅全景图。此外，它还将评估地球系统中的质量异常、质量迁移和质量交换过程。这两个要素一起是全球质量平衡确定的关键，也是对理解全球能量收支的重要贡献。国际大地测量小组将通过建立全球大地测量观测系统来实现这一目标。全球地球观测系统将充分利用（并试图扩大）与这一目标有关的独特卫星任务星座，即现在和未来十年内在轨道上的卫星，将它们纳入一个测量系统，见表1。这种一体化的支柱是现有的全球地面网络，其基础是测地空间技术VLBI、SLR、GPS和DORIS。GGOS将通过空中和地面活动补充空间部分和全球地面网络，这些活动的目的是校准和验证，以及同样重要的区域致密化和细化。将这些观测结果纳入天气、气候、海洋、水文、冰和固体地球模型将从根本上提高对地表变化和物质输送对地球动力学作用的认识。
Introduction. “ Living On a Restless Planet”, this is the theme of the published report of theNASA Solid Earth Science Working Group (2002). Indeed, the Earth with its atmosphere,oceans, ice covers, land surfaces and its interior is restless. It is subject to a multitude ofdynamic processes that cover a broad variety of spatial and temporal scales and are driven bylarge interior and exterior forces. In modern times these processes are influenced, as well, byman-made effects; to what extent is still largely unknown. Earthquakes, volcano eruptions,tectonic deformations, land slides, de-glaciation, sea level rise, floods, desertification, storms,global warming and many more are typical and well known phenomena of this highly dynamicengine. All of them affect our life and the life of future generations. Major decisions facinghuman societies will depend on a much deeper understanding of this complex system and largeinternational efforts on governmental and scientific levels are currently underway towards thisgoal.The international geodetic community, organized under the umbrella of the InternationalAssociation of Geodesy (IAG), is preparing to contribute a new and very important segment tothe study of system Earth. It will provide on a global scale the spatial and temporal changes ofthe shape of our planet, of the oceans, ice covers and land surfaces. In other words, it will be aglobal picture of surface dynamics of our planet. It will provide, in addition, an assessment ofmass anomalies, of mass transport and of mass exchange processes in the Earth’s system. Thesetwo elements together are the key to global mass balance determination and an importantcontribution to the understanding of the global energy budget. IAG will achieve this byestablishing a Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS). GGOS will fully exploit (and try toextend) the unique constellation of satellite missions relevant to this goal, that is in orbit nowand during the next decade by integrating them into one measurement system, Table 1. Thebackbone of this integration is the existing global ground network, based on the geodetic spacetechniques VLBI, SLR, GPS and DORIS. GGOS will complement the space segment andglobal ground network by airborne and terrestrial campaigns that serve the purpose ofcalibration and validation and, equally important, regional densification and refinement.Assimilation of these observations into models of weather, climate, ocean, hydrological, ice andsolid Earth will fundamentally enhance the understanding of the role of surface changes andmass transport for the dynamics of our planet.