The Brittle–Ductile Transition and the Formation of Compaction Bands in the Savonnières Limestone: Impact of the Stress and Pore Fluid

The Brittle–Ductile Transition and the Formation of Compaction Bands in the Savonnières Limestone: Impact of the Stress and Pore Fluid
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萨沃尼埃石灰岩中的脆性-延性转变和压实带的形成:应力和孔隙流体的影响

DOI:
10.1007/s00603-022-02963-z
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
6.2
通讯作者:
Veveakis, Manolis
Veveakis, Manolis
中科院分区:
工程技术2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sari, Mustafa;Sarout, Joel;Poulet, Thomas;Dautriat, Jeremie;Veveakis, Manolis

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碳酸盐沉积物在全球地质舞台上发挥着重要作用,因为它们储存的储量超过了世界石油和天然气储量。因此,预测多孔碳酸盐的变形和破坏对于最大限度地减少储层压实、断层再活动或井眼不稳定至关重要。这依赖于我们对观察到的对流体注入或偏应力扰动的非弹性响应的机制的理解。了解变形/破坏对岩石水力特性的影响也很重要,因为注入/生产率会受到影响。在这项工作中,我们提出了三轴变形实验的新实验结果,该实验旨在阐明多孔石灰岩储层类似物(萨沃尼埃石灰岩)的行为。在干燥和水饱和条件下,在五种不同的围压下进行了排水三轴和各向同性压缩试验。岩石的应力-应变数据和 X 射线断层扫描图像表明两种不同类型的变形和破坏机制:在低约束(10 MPa)下,以膨胀剪切带形式的脆性破坏占主导地位;而在较高的约束下,压实带正交于形成的最大主应力。除了孔隙压力效应之外,孔隙空间中水的存在显着削弱了岩石,从而与干燥条件相比缩小了屈服包络线,并将脆性转变转变为较低的有效围压(从 35 MPa 到 29 MPa)。最后,变形过程中的渗透率测量显示,由于压实带的形成,延性区域的渗透率降低了一个数量级。这些结果强调了考虑饱和流体在多孔岩石脆性-延性响应中的作用的重要性,并阐明了这一转变过程中发生的一些微观结构过程。
Carbonate sediments play a prominent role on the global geological stage as they store more thanof world’s oil andof world’s gas reserves. Prediction of the deformation and failure of porous carbonates is, therefore, essential to minimise reservoir compaction, fault reactivation, or wellbore instability. This relies on our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the observed inelastic response to fluid injection or deviatoric stress perturbations. Understanding the impact of deformation/failure on the hydraulic properties of the rock is also essential as injection/production rates will be affected. In this work, we present new experimental results from triaxial deformation experiments carried out to elucidate the behaviour of a porous limestone reservoir analogue (Savonnières limestone). Drained triaxial and isotropic compression tests were conducted at five different confining pressures in dry and water-saturated conditions. Stress–strain data and X-ray tomography images of the rock indicate two distinct types of deformation and failure regimes: at low confinement (10 MPa) brittle failure in the form of dilatant shear banding was dominant; whereas at higher confinement compaction bands orthogonal to the maximum principal stress formed. In addition to the pore pressure effect, the presence of water in the pore space significantly weakened the rock, thereby shrinking the yield envelope compared to the dry conditions, and shifted the brittle–ductile transition to lower effective confining pressures (from 35 MPa to 29 MPa). Finally, permeability measurements during deformation show a reduction of an order of magnitude in the ductile regime due to the formation of the compaction bands. These results highlight the importance of considering the role of the saturating fluid in the brittle–ductile response of porous rocks and elucidate some of the microstructural processes taking place during this transition.
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