Benefits, risks, and costs of stratospheric geoengineering
Benefits, risks, and costs of stratospheric geoengineering
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DOI：
10.1029/2009gl039209
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发表时间：
2009-10-02
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Stenchikov, Georgiy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Robock, Alan;Marquardt, Allison;Stenchikov, Georgiy
向平流层注入硫酸盐气溶胶前体已被建议作为地球工程的一种手段来冷却地球并减少全球变暖。在决定实施这一计划时，需要将其收益、危险和成本与其他应对全球变暖的措施（包括什么都不做）进行比较。在这里，我们评估了硫酸盐气溶胶的平流层地球工程的这些因素。使用现有的美国军用战斗机和加油机，每年向平流层下层注入气溶胶前体的费用将达到数十亿美元。使用火炮或气球发射这种气体要昂贵得多。我们没有足够的信息来评估更新奇的技术，比如通过连接在塔或气球系统上的软管将气体抽上来。人为向平流层注入气溶胶会使地球变冷，阻止海冰和陆地冰川的融化，减缓海平面上升，增加陆地碳汇，但会造成区域干旱、臭氧消耗、用于太阳能发电的阳光减少，并使天空变得不那么蓝。此外，它将阻碍地球上的光学天文学，对阻止海洋酸化毫无作用，并带来许多伦理和道德问题。需要进一步的工作来量化许多这些因素，以便作出明智的决策。引文：Robock， A.， A. Marquardt， B. Kravitz和G. Stenchikov(2009)，《平流层地球工程的收益、风险和成本》，《地球物理学》。卷。中文信息学报，36,L19703, doi:10.1029/2009GL039209。
Injecting sulfate aerosol precursors into the stratosphere has been suggested as a means of geoengineering to cool the planet and reduce global warming. The decision to implement such a scheme would require a comparison of its benefits, dangers, and costs to those of other responses to global warming, including doing nothing. Here we evaluate those factors for stratospheric geoengineering with sulfate aerosols. Using existing U.S. military fighter and tanker planes, the annual costs of injecting aerosol precursors into the lower stratosphere would be several billion dollars. Using artillery or balloons to loft the gas would be much more expensive. We do not have enough information to evaluate more exotic techniques, such as pumping the gas up through a hose attached to a tower or balloon system. Anthropogenic stratospheric aerosol injection would cool the planet, stop the melting of sea ice and land-based glaciers, slow sea level rise, and increase the terrestrial carbon sink, but produce regional drought, ozone depletion, less sunlight for solar power, and make skies less blue. Furthermore it would hamper Earth-based optical astronomy, do nothing to stop ocean acidification, and present many ethical and moral issues. Further work is needed to quantify many of these factors to allow informed decision-making. Citation: Robock, A., A. Marquardt, B. Kravitz, and G. Stenchikov (2009), Benefits, risks, and costs of stratospheric geoengineering, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L19703, doi:10.1029/2009GL039209.