A guide to viral inclusions, membrane rearrangements, factories, and viroplasm produced during virus replication.
A guide to viral inclusions, membrane rearrangements, factories, and viroplasm produced during virus replication.
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DOI：
10.1016/s0065-3527(07)70004-0
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wileman T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Netherton C;Moffat K;Brooks E;Wileman T
病毒复制可引起宿主细胞骨架和膜区室的广泛重排，导致“致细胞病变效应”，其多年来一直是组织培养中病毒感染的标志。最近的研究开始根据病毒对细胞过程的特定影响来重新定义病毒感染的这些迹象。在本章中，我们通过描述许多不同病毒产生的复制位点来说明这些概念。在许多情况下，病毒感染期间引起的细胞重排导致在细胞中构建复杂的平台，其浓缩复制酶蛋白、病毒基因组和复制所需的宿主蛋白，从而提高复制效率。有趣的是，这些被称为病毒工厂、病毒内含物或病毒体的相同结构可以招募与抗感染和细胞应激的细胞防御相关的宿主成分。细胞防御途径有可能被病毒破坏以产生复制位点。募集细胞膜和细胞骨架以产生病毒复制位点也可以以其他方式使病毒受益。例如，细胞膜的破坏可以减缓免疫调节蛋白向感染细胞表面的转运，并防止先天性和获得性免疫应答，细胞骨架的重排可以促进病毒释放。
Virus replication can cause extensive rearrangement of host cell cytoskeletal and membrane compartments leading to the “cytopathic effect” that has been the hallmark of virus infection in tissue culture for many years. Recent studies are beginning to redefine these signs of viral infection in terms of specific effects of viruses on cellular processes. In this chapter, these concepts have been illustrated by describing the replication sites produced by many different viruses. In many cases, the cellular rearrangements caused during virus infection lead to the construction of sophisticated platforms in the cell that concentrate replicase proteins, virus genomes, and host proteins required for replication, and thereby increase the efficiency of replication. Interestingly, these same structures, called virus factories, virus inclusions, or virosomes, can recruit host components that are associated with cellular defences against infection and cell stress. It is possible that cellular defence pathways can be subverted by viruses to generate sites of replication. The recruitment of cellular membranes and cytoskeleton to generate virus replication sites can also benefit viruses in other ways. Disruption of cellular membranes can, for example, slow the transport of immunomodulatory proteins to the surface of infected cells and protect against innate and acquired immune responses, and rearrangements to cytoskeleton can facilitate virus release.