Biogeography and Biodiversity in Sulfide Structures of Active and Inactive Vents at Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Fields of the Southern Mariana Trough
Biogeography and Biodiversity in Sulfide Structures of Active and Inactive Vents at Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Fields of the Southern Mariana Trough
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.00478-10
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发表时间：
2010-05-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Yamagishi, Akihiko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kato, Shingo;Takano, Yoshinori;Yamagishi, Akihiko
通过非培养方法研究了活跃和非活跃喷口硫化物结构中微生物群落的丰度、多样性、活性和组成。这些硫化物结构收集在四个热液领域，无论是在轴上和轴外的弧后扩张中心的南马里亚纳海槽。通过分析总有机物含量、酶活性和16 S rRNA基因的拷贝数来确定样品中的微生物丰度和活性。为了评估微生物群落的多样性和组成，从硫化物结构构建了包括细菌和古细菌的16 S rRNA基因克隆文库。尽管取样点的地质环境不同，但在来自活动喷口样品的文库中，与ε-变形菌和培养的超嗜热古菌有关的细菌类型丰富。相比之下，在来自非活动喷口样品的文库中，这些生物标志物类型的相对丰度极低。这些结果表明，硫化物结构内的微生物群落的组成显着变化取决于热液活动的程度，这是支持统计分析。比较分析表明，不活跃喷口硫化物结构内微生物群落的丰度、活性和多样性可能与活跃喷口结构内的微生物群落相当或更高，尽管这两类喷口的微生物群落组成不同。非活动喷口硫化物结构中的微生物群落组成与海底玄武岩中的微生物群落组成相似，而不是海洋沉积物或活动喷口硫化物结构中的微生物群落组成，这表明海底微生物群落组成可能受到可用能源的限制。这些发现为了解海洋环境中的生物地理学、生物多样性和微生物生态系统提供了有益的信息。
The abundance, diversity, activity, and composition of microbial communities in sulfide structures both of active and inactive vents were investigated by culture-independent methods. These sulfide structures were collected at four hydrothermal fields, both on-and off-axis of the back-arc spreading center of the Southern Mariana Trough. The microbial abundance and activity in the samples were determined by analyzing total organic content, enzymatic activity, and copy number of the 16S rRNA gene. To assess the diversity and composition of the microbial communities, 16S rRNA gene clone libraries including bacterial and archaeal phylotypes were constructed from the sulfide structures. Despite the differences in the geological settings among the sampling points, phylotypes related to the Epsilonproteobacteria and cultured hyperthermophilic archaea were abundant in the libraries from the samples of active vents. In contrast, the relative abundance of these phylotypes was extremely low in the libraries from the samples of inactive vents. These results suggest that the composition of microbial communities within sulfide structures dramatically changes depending on the degree of hydrothermal activity, which was supported by statistical analyses. Comparative analyses suggest that the abundance, activity and diversity of microbial communities within sulfide structures of inactive vents are likely to be comparable to or higher than those in active vent structures, even though the microbial community composition is different between these two types of vents. The microbial community compositions in the sulfide structures of inactive vents were similar to those in seafloor basaltic rocks rather than those in marine sediments or the sulfide structures of active vents, suggesting that the microbial community compositions on the seafloor may be constrained by the available energy sources. Our findings provide helpful information for understanding the biogeography, biodiversity and microbial ecosystems in marine environments.