Flower color, hummingbird pollination, and habitat irradiance in four Neotropical forests
Flower color, hummingbird pollination, and habitat irradiance in four Neotropical forests
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1744-7429.2003.tb00588.x
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发表时间：
2003-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Altshuler, DL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Altshuler, DL
传粉者的视觉系统在蜜蜂、蝙蝠和鸟类等广泛的类群中差异很大，有人提出，影响热带植物花色多样性的因素包括传粉者感知能力的差异。在新热带地区的传粉者中，分类群之间的一个主要区别是蜂鸟在300-660 nm的广泛波长范围内很好地感知颜色，而大多数蜜蜂在300-550 nm的较窄范围内感知颜色。因此，蜂鸟比蜜蜂能更好地看到红色和其他长波长反射。另一个可能影响热带森林花卉颜色的因素是不同生境(如林隙、树冠和森林下层)之间的光可获得性差异。我使用便携式光谱辐射计对四个新热带森林的花卉颜色进行了调查，以提供对颜色反射率的无偏测量。利用原始文献或专家的直接观察，对每种植物的主要传粉剂和光生境进行了分类。花的颜色不受开放和封闭生境之间光可获得性差异的影响，但受传粉者视觉系统的影响。具体地说，昆虫花的反射范围很广，而蜂鸟的花主要反射长波长的光(通常是中值波长&585 nm)。因此，蜂鸟授粉的花并不是专门针对蜂鸟的颜色敏感度进行调整的，而是可能会降低蜜蜂和其他对长波长颜色视觉敏感度较差的昆虫的显眼程度。
Pollinator visual systems differ considerably among broad groupings such as bees, bats, and birds, and it has been proposed that factors shaping the diversity of flower color in tropical plants include differences in pollinator perceptual abilities. Within the pollinators of the Neotropics, one major difference between taxa is that hummingbirds perceive color well across a broad range of wavelengths from 300-660 nm whereas most bees perceive color well over a narrower range spanning 300-550 nm. Thus, hummingbirds can see red and other long-wavelength reflection much better than bees. Another factor that could potentially influence flower color in tropical forests is the difference in light availability among habitats such as gaps, canopy, and forest understory. I conducted a survey of floral color in four Neotropical forests using a portable spectroradiometer to provide an unbiased measure of color reflectance. The primary pollinator agents and light habitats of each plant species were classified using primary literature or accounts of direct observations by experts. Flower color was not influenced by differences in light availability between open and closed habitats but was influenced by pollinator visual systems. Specifically, insect flowers reflected across a broad range of the spectrum but hummingbird flowers reflected mostly long-wavelength light (typically median wavelength >585 nm). Thus, hummingbird-pollinated flowers are not tuned specifically to hummingbird color sensitivity but instead may decrease conspicuousness to bees and other insects that have poor visual sensitivity to long-wavelength color.