The Presence of Selected Pharmaceuticals and the Antimicrobial Triclosan in Drinking Water in Ontario, Canada
The Presence of Selected Pharmaceuticals and the Antimicrobial Triclosan in Drinking Water in Ontario, Canada
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DOI：
10.2166/wqrj.2007.016
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发表时间：
2007-05
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
M. Servos;Martha D. Smith;R. Mcinnis;B. Burnison;Bill-H. Lee;P. Seto;S. Backus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Servos;Martha D. Smith;R. Mcinnis;B. Burnison;Bill-H. Lee;P. Seto;S. Backus
环境中存在的药品和个人护理产品是一个迅速出现的国际问题。在欧洲、美国和加拿大的污水和地表水中发现了多种药物。本研究调查了安大略省南部饮用水厂的原水和成品水中是否存在选定的药物（8 种酸性药物）和抗菌物质三氯生。对代表各种水源和处理工艺参数的二十个饮用水处理厂进行了抽样。从井中采集的原水或成品水样本均未检测到任何酸性药物或三氯生的含量。污水排放口下游的河水样本显示，水源污染程度最高。从河源进入处理厂的原水中，萘普生和布洛芬的含量分别高达 176 纳克/升和 150 纳克/升。河流源水中也检测到低含量的吉非罗齐 (19.2 ng/L)、双氯芬酸 (15 ng/L)、吲哚美辛 (6 ng/L) 和抗菌三氯生 (34 ng/L)。从大型湖泊中提取的原水中也含有极低但可检测到的几种酸性药物，这表明这些化学物质在环境中广泛存在。尽管处理系统的设计目的不是去除这些特定类型的物质，但在成品水中检测不到大多数酸性药物。在成品水中可检测到萘普生和三氯生，但其浓度相对于原水显着降低。几乎所有以地表水为水源的处理厂的成品水中都可以检测到布洛芬的浓度。这项工作展示了安大略省水源，特别是河流水源，含有微量选定药品和个人护理产品的潜力。需要对源水中的这些化合物以及影响其处理和从成品饮用水中去除的因素进行更全面的评估。
The presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment is a rapidly emerging international issue. A variety of drugs have been found in sewage effluents and surface waters in Europe, the United States, and Canada. This study examines the presence of selected pharmaceuticals (8 acidic drugs) and the antimicrobial substance, triclosan, in raw water and finished water of drinking water plants across southern Ontario. Twenty drinking water treatment plants that represented a variety of water sources and treatment process parameters were sampled. None of the raw or finished water samples taken from wells showed detectable levels of any of the acidic drugs or triclosan. River water samples downstream of sewage effluent outfalls showed the highest levels of contamination of the source water. Levels of naproxen and ibuprofen were elevated to levels as high as 176 and 150 ng/L, respectively, in raw water entering the treatment plants from a river source. Low levels of gemfibrozil (19.2 ng/L), diclofenac (15 ng/L), indomethacin (6 ng/L), and the antimicrobial triclosan (34 ng/L) could be also detected in raw water from river sources. Raw water taken from large lakes also had very low but detectable levels of several acidic drugs, suggesting that these chemicals are widespread in the environment. Although treatment systems are not designed to remove these specific types of substances, most of the acidic drugs were not detectable in finished waters. Naproxen and triclosan were detectable in finished water but were significantly reduced in concentration relative to the raw water. The concentration of ibuprofen was detectable in the finished water of almost all treatment plants that used surface water as a source. This work demonstrates the potential of Ontario source waters, particularly river water sources, to contain trace levels of selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products. There is a need to complete a more comprehensive assessment of these compounds in source waters and of the factors influencing their treatment and removal from finished drinking water.