Urinary Phthalate Metabolite Concentrations among Workers in Selected Industries: A Pilot Biomonitoring Study
Urinary Phthalate Metabolite Concentrations among Workers in Selected Industries: A Pilot Biomonitoring Study
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DOI：
10.1093/annhyg/men066
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sammons, Deborah L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hines, Cynthia J.;Hopf, Nancy B. Nilsen;Sammons, Deborah L.
邻苯二甲酸酯在工业、医疗和消费品中用作增塑剂和溶剂;然而，职业接触信息有限。我们试图通过分析来自不同行业工人的尿样中邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯（DBP）和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）的代谢物，获得有关职业暴露的初步信息。我们还获得了邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）、邻苯二甲酸苄丁酯（BzBP）、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯的代谢物数据。2003-2005年，我们从八个行业部门招聘了156名工人。我们通过比较末端转移代谢物浓度与美国普通人群来评估职业贡献。职业暴露于DEHP的证据在聚氯乙烯（PVC）薄膜制造、PVC复合和橡胶靴子制造中最强，其中DEHP代谢物的几何平均（GM）末端偏移浓度分别超过一般人群水平8倍、6倍和3倍。DBP的职业暴露在橡胶垫圈、邻苯二甲酸酯（原材料）和橡胶软管制造中最为明显，DBP代谢物浓度分别超过一般人群水平的26倍、25倍和10倍，而仅美甲沙龙（美甲师）中的DBP暴露仅比一般人群高2倍。邻苯二甲酸酯生产过程中DEP和C2 H4代谢物的浓度分别超过一般人群水平的4倍和> 1000倍。我们还发现，即使在没有工作场所使用的情况下，某些代谢物的转基因末端转移浓度也超过了一般人群的浓度，例如橡胶软管和橡胶靴子制造中的BzBP。总之，使用尿液代谢物，我们成功地确定了可能存在邻苯二甲酸酯职业暴露的工作场所。需要开展更多的工作，以区分低暴露工作场所的职业来源和非职业来源。
Phthalates are used as plasticizers and solvents in industrial, medical and consumer products; however, occupational exposure information is limited. We sought to obtain preliminary information on occupational exposures to diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) by analyzing for their metabolites in urine samples collected from workers in a cross-section of industries. We also obtained data on metabolites of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP), di-isobutyl phthalate and di-isononyl phthalate. We recruited 156 workers in 2003-2005 from eight industry sectors. We assessed occupational contribution by comparing end-shift metabolite concentrations to the US general population. Evidence of occupational exposure to DEHP was strongest in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film manufacturing, PVC compounding and rubber boot manufacturing where geometric mean (GM) end-shift concentrations of DEHP metabolites exceeded general population levels by 8-, 6- and 3-fold, respectively. Occupational exposure to DBP was most evident in rubber gasket, phthalate (raw material) and rubber hose manufacturing, with DBP metabolite concentrations exceeding general population levels by 26-, 25- and 10-fold, respectively, whereas DBP exposure in nail-only salons (manicurists) was only 2-fold higher than in the general population. Concentrations of DEP and DMP metabolites in phthalate manufacturing exceeded general population levels by 4- and > 1000-fold, respectively. We also found instances where GM end-shift concentrations of some metabolites exceeded general population concentrations even when no workplace use was reported, e.g. BzBP in rubber hose and rubber boot manufacturing. In summary, using urinary metabolites, we successfully identified workplaces with likely occupational phthalate exposure. Additional work is needed to distinguish occupational from non-occupational sources in low-exposure workplaces.