A Review of Graphene‐Based Nanostructural Materials for Both Catalyst Supports and Metal‐Free Catalysts in PEM Fuel Cell Oxygen Reduction Reactions
A Review of Graphene‐Based Nanostructural Materials for Both Catalyst Supports and Metal‐Free Catalysts in PEM Fuel Cell Oxygen Reduction Reactions
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/aenm.201301523
复制
发表时间：
2014-06
影响因子：
27.8
通讯作者：
Xuejun Zhou;Jinli Qiao;Lin Yang;Jiujun Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xuejun Zhou;Jinli Qiao;Lin Yang;Jiujun Zhang
对近年来用于聚合物电解质膜(PEM)燃料电池氧还原反应(ORR)催化剂载体和非金属催化剂的石墨烯纳米材料进行了全面的综述和描述。重点介绍了ORR催化剂的材料结构/形态、材料选择、合成设计、催化性能、催化机理以及催化剂下选和催化ORR机理的理论方法，并从活性和稳定性两方面对ORR催化剂的性能进行了分析。当以石墨烯为基础材料，包括石墨烯和掺杂石墨烯作为铂/铂合金催化剂和非贵金属催化剂的载体材料时，所得到的ORR催化剂比传统的碳负载催化剂具有更好的催化活性和稳定性；当它们用作无金属ORR催化剂时，具有显著的催化活性和稳定性。与负载型金属催化剂相比，掺氮石墨烯材料甚至表现出更好的性能。确定了包括缺乏材料大规模生产、催化剂结构/形态未优化、基础知识不足以及用于性能优化和验证的测试工具/协议等挑战，并提出了应对这些挑战的方法。
A comprehensive overview and description of graphene‐based nanomaterials explored in recent years for catalyst supports and metal‐free catalysts for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) is presented. The catalyst material structures/morphologies, material selection, and design for synthesis, catalytic performance, catalytic mechanisms, and theoretical approaches for catalyst down‐selection and catalyzed ORR mechanisms are emphasized with respect to the performance of ORR catalysts in terms of both activity and stability. When graphene‐based materials, including graphene and doped graphene, are used as the supporting materials for both Pt/Pt alloy catalysts and non‐precious metal catalyst, the resulting ORR catalysts can give superior catalyst activity and stability compared to those of conventional carbon‐supported catalysts; when they are used as metal‐free ORR catalysts, significant catalytic activity and stability are observed. The nitrogen‐doped graphene materials even show superior performance compared to supported metal catalysts. Challenges including the lack of material mass production, unoptimized catalyst structure/morphology, insufficient fundamental understanding, and testing tools/protocols for performance optimization and validation are identified, and approaches to address these challenges are suggested.