Good Dams and Bad Dams : Environmental Criteria for Site Selection of Hydroelectric Projects
Good Dams and Bad Dams : Environmental Criteria for Site Selection of Hydroelectric Projects
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发表时间：
2003-11
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通讯作者：
G. Ledec;J. Quintero
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作者：
G. Ledec;J. Quintero
本文提供了一种简单而有力的方法，用于比较拟议的水电项目地点对环境的预期负面影响，并将这些影响与发电效益联系起来。本文还总结了大型水坝的环境缓解方案。如果实施得当，这些缓解措施可以有效地防止、减少或补偿水电项目的许多（尽管不是全部）负面影响。尽管如此，最有效的环境缓解措施是良好的选址，以确保拟议的大坝首先会造成相对较小的破坏。本文提出了定量指标（使用相对容易获得的数据），根据可能的不利环境影响对拟议的新水电项目进行评级和排名。从环境和社会的角度来看，水库面积较小的项目（相对于发电而言）往往是最可取的，部分原因是它们可以最大限度地减少自然生境的损失以及重新安置的需要。一般来说，最环保的水电大坝位于上游支流上，而问题最大的水电站位于河流的主干上。
This paper provides a simple, yet robust, methodology for comparing proposed hydroelectric project sites in terms of their expected negative environmental impacts, and relating these to power generation benefits. The paper also summarizes the environmental mitigation options for large dams. If properly implemented, these mitigation measures can effectively prevent, minimize, or compensate for many (though not all) of a hydroelectric project's negative impacts. Nonetheless, the most effective environmental mitigation measure is good site selection, to ensure that the proposed dam will cause relatively little damage in the first place. The paper presents quantitative indicators (using data that are relatively easy to obtain) for rating and ranking proposed new hydroelectric projects in terms of their likely adverse environmental impacts. Projects with a small reservoir surface area (relative to power generation) tend to be most desirable from both an environmental and social standpoint, in part because they minimize natural habitat losses as well as resettlement needs. In general, the most environmentally benign hydroelectric dam sites are on upper tributaries, while the most problematic ones are on the large main stems of rivers.