The Orexin/Receptor System: Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Potential for Neurological Diseases.

The Orexin/Receptor System: Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Potential for Neurological Diseases.
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食欲素/受体系统:神经系统疾病的分子机制和治疗潜力

DOI:
10.3389/fnmol.2018.00220
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Chen J
Chen J
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wang C;Wang Q;Ji B;Pan Y;Xu C;Cheng B;Bai B;Chen J

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食欲素,也称为下丘脑分泌素,是两种由含有食欲素的神经元分泌的神经肽,主要分布在外侧下丘脑(LH)。食欲素通过结合和激活两种g蛋白偶联受体(gpcr),即食欲素受体1型(OX1R)和2型(OX2R)来协调其作用。食欲素/受体通路在许多生理过程中发挥着重要的调节作用,特别是摄食行为、睡眠-觉醒节律、奖励和成瘾以及能量平衡。此外,一些报道表明,食欲素/受体通路参与神经系统疾病的病理过程,如嗜睡症、抑郁症、缺血性中风、药物成瘾和阿尔茨海默病(AD)。本文综述了食欲素/受体系统在神经系统疾病中的表达模式、生理功能和潜在的分子机制,为从神经系统疾病的基础研究和临床治疗的角度考虑这些通路提供了一个总体框架。
Orexins, also known as hypocretins, are two neuropeptides secreted from orexin-containing neurons, mainly in the lateral hypothalamus (LH). Orexins orchestrate their effects by binding and activating two G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), orexin receptor type 1 (OX1R) and type 2 (OX2R). Orexin/receptor pathways play vital regulatory roles in many physiological processes, especially feeding behavior, sleep–wake rhythm, reward and addiction and energy balance. Furthermore several reports showed that orexin/receptor pathways are involved in pathological processes of neurological diseases such as narcolepsy, depression, ischemic stroke, drug addiction and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This review article summarizes the expression patterns, physiological functions and potential molecular mechanisms of the orexin/receptor system in neurological diseases, providing an overall framework for considering these pathways from the standpoints of basic research and clinical treatment of neurological diseases.
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