Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration: the Role of the Stem Cells
Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration: the Role of the Stem Cells
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DOI：
10.1007/s40883-017-0036-9
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发表时间：
2017-09-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Laurencin, Cato T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Narayanan, Ganesh;Bhattacharjee, Maumita;Laurencin, Cato T.
韧带、软骨和半月板损伤往往愈合不良，这是由于驻留细胞的低血管和低增殖能力。传统治疗方法的缺点引起了人们对一种我们称之为“再生工程”的新方法的兴趣，这种方法可以再生骨科组织。细胞的工作在再生工程范式中是至关重要的。在这方面，分化细胞和干细胞如骨髓基质细胞都被研究作为骨科组织再生的来源。此外，其他干细胞，如来自外周血、滑膜、脂肪和其他胚胎外来源的干细胞已被分离和表征，并随后研究用于再生各种骨科组织。在这篇综述中，干细胞介导的韧带、软骨和半月板再生的最新进展进行了讨论。大多数骨科组织疾病源于创伤或退行性疾病。在临床环境中常用的策略有缺点，如愈合不良或不完全愈合。通过将先进材料科学与干细胞、生长因子/小分子和发育生物学相结合，再生工程有望为骨科组织再生提供策略。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了各种细胞来源已经分离，表征和研究再生骨科组织。一些潜在的分子机制涉及这些细胞也进行了讨论。此外，基于这些细胞来源的各种方法用于韧带、软骨和半月板组织的再生也有报道。在未来，本综述中讨论的基于细胞的方法需要与再生工程的其他突出方面相结合，以促进组织再生所需的多种信号通路的激活。通过这样的整体方法，我们期望韧带、软骨和半月板的再生具有与天然组织相似的特征。
Ligament, cartilage, and meniscus injuries often have poor healing due to low vascularity and low proliferative abilities of the resident cells. Drawbacks with conventional treatment methodologies have prompted interest in a new approach we term "Regenerative Engineering" to regenerate orthopaedic tissues. The work of cells is of central importance in the Regenerative Engineering paradigm. In this regard, both differentiated cells and stem cells such as bone marrow stromal cells have been studied as sources for orthopaedic tissue regeneration. In addition, other stem cells such as those derived from peripheral blood, synovium, adipose, and other extraembryonic sources have been isolated and characterized and subsequently investigated for regenerating various orthopaedic tissues. In this review, recent developments in the stem cell-mediated regeneration of ligament, cartilage, and menisci are discussed.Lay SummaryMost orthopaedic tissue ailments originate from trauma or degenerative diseases. Commonly utilized strategies in clinical settings have shortcomings such as poor or incomplete healing. By converging advanced materials science with stem cells, growth factors/small molecules, and developmental biology, regenerative engineering is expected to provide strategies for orthopaedic tissue regeneration. In this review, we discuss various cell sources that have been isolated, characterized, and studied for regenerating orthopaedic tissues. Some of the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in those cells are also discussed. In addition, various approaches based on those cell sources for regenerating ligament, cartilage, and meniscus tissues are reported. In the future, cell-based approaches discussed in this review need to be combined with other salient aspects of regenerative engineering to facilitate activation of multiple signaling pathways required for tissue regeneration. Via such a holistic approach, we anticipate regeneration of ligaments, cartilage, and meniscus with features similar to that of native tissue.