Comparing environmental impacts of native and introduced freshwater prawn farming in Brazil and the influence of better effluent management using LCA
Comparing environmental impacts of native and introduced freshwater prawn farming in Brazil and the influence of better effluent management using LCA
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.03.006
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发表时间：
2015-07
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Alexandre Augusto Oliveira Santos;J. Aubin;J. Aubin;M. Corson;M. Corson;W. Valenti;A. F. Camargo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alexandre Augusto Oliveira Santos;J. Aubin;J. Aubin;M. Corson;M. Corson;W. Valenti;A. F. Camargo
人们越来越关注水产养殖对环境的影响及其与自然资源的相互作用。因此，对于新的生产系统来说，重要的是采用减少环境影响的做法，例如选择从一个区域的生物多样性中养殖本地物种，并采用更好的污水管理。本研究旨在评估和比较热带淡水对虾养殖系统的环境影响，无论是基于引进的罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium Rosenbergii)，还是基于本地物种的Macrobrachium amazonicum(亚马逊河对虾)。使用生命周期评估(LCA)将这两个假设系统与气候变化、富营养化、酸化、能源使用、净初级生产使用、地表使用和水依赖的影响类别进行了比较。产量、品种、饲料转化率(FCR)和饲料加工是影响最大的因素。在分析的所有类别中，巨型河虾的产量较高，饲料系数较低，导致的影响均低于本地亚马孙河虾。无论种类如何，淡水对虾养殖中更好的污水管理，如用水生植物处理废水或将池塘沉积物应用于农作物，显著降低了富营养化潜力，因此建议在淡水对虾养殖中使用它是极其重要的。
Concern about environmental impacts of aquaculture and its interaction with natural resources is increasing. Thus, it is important for new production systems to use practices that reduce environmental impacts, such as choosing to farm native species from a region's biological diversity and adopting better effluent management. This study aimed to estimate and compare environmental impacts of tropical freshwater prawn farming systems based either on the introduced speciesMacrobrachium rosenbergii(giant river prawn) or the native speciesMacrobrachium amazonicum(Amazon river prawn). The two hypothetical systems were compared using life cycle assessment (LCA) with the impact categories climate change, eutrophication, acidification, energy use, net primary production use, surface use and water dependence. Yields, species, feed conversation ratio (FCR) and feed processing were the factors with the most influence. The higher yield and lower FCR of giant river prawn induced lower impacts than native Amazon river prawn in all categories analyzed. Regardless of species, better effluent management in freshwater prawn farming, such as treating effluents with aquatic macrophytes or applying pond sediments to crops, significantly reduced eutrophication potential, making it extremely important to recommend using it in freshwater prawn farming.