Medicinal plants and Alzheimer's disease: Integrating ethnobotanical and contemporary scientific evidence
Medicinal plants and Alzheimer's disease: Integrating ethnobotanical and contemporary scientific evidence
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DOI：
10.1089/acm.1998.4.419
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发表时间：
1998-12-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Perry, NSL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Perry, EK;Pickering, AT;Perry, NSL
补充药物的使用，如植物提取物在痴呆症治疗中，根据不同的文化传统而有所不同。在正统的西方医学中，与中国和远东相比，传统的认知或记忆增强植物的药理学特性尚未在当前阿尔茨海默病模型的背景下进行广泛研究。一个例外是银杏，其中银杏内酯具有与阿尔茨海默病机制相关的抗氧化、神经保护和胆碱能活性。据报道，在安慰剂对照的临床试验中，银杏叶提取物在阿尔茨海默病中的治疗效果与目前处方的药物如他克林或多奈哌齐相似，重要的是，银杏叶的不良副作用很小。旧的欧洲参考书（例如，草药）记录了各种其他植物，如鼠尾草（鼠尾草）和香蜂草（香蜂草）具有改善记忆的特性，最近在这些植物的提取物中发现了胆碱能活性。在具有长期确立的药用用途的植物中的临床相关药理学活性的现代发现的先例包括例如罂粟（Papaver somniferum）（罂粟）中的生物碱阿片类物质与脑中的内源性阿片受体的相互作用。随着最近在了解阿尔茨海默病的神经生物学方面的重大进展，以及所谓的合理设计的疗法的有限功效，重新探索药物开发新方向的历史档案可能是及时的。本文认为，不仅是一个综合的传统和现代科学方法开发新的治疗痴呆症的价值，而且在疾病机制的理解。早在阿尔茨海默病胆碱能紊乱的生物学假说出现之前，现在已知含有胆碱能拮抗剂的植物就被记录了它们的健忘症和痴呆症诱导特性。
The use of complementary medicines such as plant extracts in dementia therapy, varies according to the different cultural traditions. In orthodox Western medicine, contrasting with that in China and the Far East for example, pharmacological properties of traditional cognitive or memory enhancing plants have not been widely investigated in the context of current models of Alzheimer's disease. An exception is Ginkgo biloba in which the ginkgolides have antioxidant, neuroprotective, and cholinergic activities relevant to Alzheimer's disease mechanisms. The therapeutic efficacy of Ginkgo biloba extracts in Alzheimer's disease in placebo-controlled clinical trials is reportedly similar to currently prescribed drugs such as tacrine or donepezil and, importantly, undesirable side effects of Ginkgo biloba are minimal. Old European reference books (eg, medical herbals) document a variety of other plants such as Salvia officinalis (sage) and Melissa officinalis (balm) with memory improving properties, and cholinergic activities have recently been identified in extracts of these plants. Precedents for modern discovery of clinically relevant pharmacological activities in plants with long-established medicinal use include, for example, the interaction of alkaloid opioids in Papaver somniferum (Opium poppy) with endogenous opiate receptors in the brain. With recent major advances in understanding the neurobiology of Alzheimer's disease, and as yet limited efficacy of so-called rationally designed therapies, it may be timely to re-explore historical archives for new directions in drug development. This article considers not only the value of an integrative traditional and modern scientific approach to developing new treatments for dementia, but also in the understanding of disease mechanisms. Long before the current biologically based hypothesis of cholinergic derangement in Alzheimer's disease emerged, plants now known to contain cholinergic antagonists were recorded for their amnesic and dementia-inducing properties.