A Social History of Truth: Civility and Science in Seventeenth-Century England, Steven Shapin. 1994. University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. 530 pages. ISBN: 0-226-75018-3. $29.95
A Social History of Truth: Civility and Science in Seventeenth-Century England, Steven Shapin. 1994. University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. 530 pages. ISBN: 0-226-75018-3. $29.95
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真理的社会史：十七世纪英国的文明与科学，史蒂文·夏平。
DOI：
10.2307/2170683
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发表时间：
1995
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Shapin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Kaplan;S. Shapin
我们如何相信我们对世界的认识？我们用什么方法来区分账目的真假？为什么我们相信一个观察陈述而不是另一个？本研究通过对早期现代科学史上一个关键时期的再现来探讨这些普遍问题：17世纪英国绅士哲学家的社会世界。作者描绘了绅士文化与科学实践的关系。他认为，科学中可信度的问题实际上是通过规范和规范文雅的行为来解决的：信任、文明、荣誉和正直。这些密码构成了，而且可以说仍然构成了，一个确保关于自然世界的可靠知识的重要基础。沙平用详细的历史叙述来论证科学和日常实践中事实知识的建立。关于绅士哲学家的风俗和举止的叙述被用来说明沙平的广泛主张，即信任是构成每一种知识的必要条件。知识创造始终是一项集体事业：为了了解自然世界，人们必须知道该信任谁。
How do we come to trust our knowledge of the world? What are the means by which we distinguish true from false accounts? Why do we credit one observational statement over another? This study engages these universal questions through a recreation of a crucial period in the history of early modern science: the social world of gentlemen-philosophers in 17th-century England. The author paints a picture of the relations between gentlemanly culture and scientific practice. He argues that problems of credibility in science were practically solved through the codes and conventions of genteel conduct: trust, civility, honour, and integrity. These codes formed, and arguably still form, an important basis for securing reliable knowledge about the natural world. Shapin uses detailed historical narrative to argue about the establishment of factual knowledge both in science and in everyday practice. Accounts of the mores and manners of gentlemen-philosophers are used to illustrate Shapin's broad claim that trust is imperative for constituting every kind of knowledge. Knowledge-making is always a collective enterprise: people have to know whom to trust in order to know something about the natural world.