Genomic Imprinting in Mammals
Genomic Imprinting in Mammals
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DOI：
10.1101/cshperspect.a018382
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发表时间：
2014-02-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Bartolomei, Marisa S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Barlow, Denise P.;Bartolomei, Marisa S.
基因组印记影响哺乳动物中的一个基因子集，并导致单等位基因的亲本特异性表达模式。这些基因中的大多数位于通过使用绝缘子或长非编码RNA（lncRNA）来调节的簇中。为了区分亲本等位基因，至少通过使用DNA甲基化在配子中的印迹控制元件处对印迹基因进行表观遗传标记。随后通过lncRNA、组蛋白修饰、绝缘子和高阶染色质结构赋予印记基因表达。尽管哺乳动物基因组进行了广泛的重编程，但这些印记在受精后通过这些机制得以维持。基因组印记是理解哺乳动物表观遗传调控的一个很好的模型。
Genomic imprinting affects a subset of genes in mammals and results in a monoallelic, parental-specific expression pattern. Most of these genes are located in clusters that are regulated through the use of insulators or long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). To distinguish the parental alleles, imprinted genes are epigenetically marked in gametes at imprinting control elements through the use of DNA methylation at the very least. Imprinted gene expression is subsequently conferred through lncRNAs, histone modifications, insulators, and higher-order chromatin structure. Such imprints are maintained after fertilization through these mechanisms despite extensive reprogramming of the mammalian genome. Genomic imprinting is an excellent model for understanding mammalian epigenetic regulation.