Animal models for periodontal regeneration and peri-implant responses.
Animal models for periodontal regeneration and peri-implant responses.
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DOI：
10.1111/prd.12052
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发表时间：
2015-06
影响因子：
18.6
通讯作者：
Van Dyke TE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kantarci A;Hasturk H;Van Dyke TE
将实验数据转化为临床环境需要在应用于人类之前在动物系统中确认这些数据的安全性和有效性。在牙科研究中，使用的动物种类很大程度上取决于研究问题或疾病模型。牙周病以及种植体周围疾病都是复杂的感染，会导致组织降解性炎症反应。仅使用还原论体外方法不可能探索牙周炎或种植体周围炎的复杂发病机制。牙周和种植体周围组织的疾病过程和愈合都可以在动物身上进行研究。再生（牙周手术后）是针对具有组织工程潜力的各种生物材料的反应，是一个涉及各种类型组织的连续过程，包括上皮、结缔组织和牙槽骨。同样的原则也适用于种植体周围的愈合。鉴于生物学的复杂性，动物模型是必要的，并且可以作为再生材料和牙种植体成功转化为临床环境的标准。较小的动物种类更适合疾病相关研究，而较大的动物更适合以组织愈合为目标的研究，因为较大动物的解剖结构更接近人类牙槽结构。本综述重点关注可用于牙周研究和种植学再生研究的动物模型；每种动物模型的优点和缺点；对所获取数据的解释；以及动物研究的未来前景，并讨论可能的非动物替代品。此类研究中的功效计算至关重要，以便使用足够大的样本量来生成统计上有用的数据，同时又足够小以防止不必要地使用动物。
Translation of experimental data to the clinical setting requires the safety and efficacy of such data to be confirmed in animal systems before application in humans. In dental research, the animal species used is dependent largely on the research question or on the disease model. Periodontal disease and, by analogy, peri‐implant disease, are complex infections that result in a tissue‐degrading inflammatory response. It is impossible to explore the complex pathogenesis of periodontitis or peri‐implantitis using only reductionistin‐vitromethods. Both the disease process and healing of the periodontal and peri‐implant tissues can be studied in animals. Regeneration (after periodontal surgery), in response to various biologic materials with potential for tissue engineering, is a continuous process involving various types of tissue, including epithelia, connective tissues and alveolar bone. The same principles apply to peri‐implant healing. Given the complexity of the biology, animal models are necessary and serve as the standard for successful translation of regenerative materials and dental implants to the clinical setting. Smaller species of animal are more convenient for disease‐associated research, whereas larger animals are more appropriate for studies that target tissue healing as the anatomy of larger animals more closely resembles human dento‐alveolar architecture. This review focuses on the animal models available for the study of regeneration in periodontal research and implantology; the advantages and disadvantages of each animal model; the interpretation of data acquired; and future perspectives of animal research, with a discussion of possible nonanimal alternatives. Power calculations in such studies are crucial in order to use a sample size that is large enough to generate statistically useful data, whilst, at the same time, small enough to prevent the unnecessary use of animals.