How Much of Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Dietary Intakes, Exercise, and Weight Status Can Be Explained by Nutrition- and Health-Related Psychosocial Factors and Socioeconomic Status among US Adults?
How Much of Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Dietary Intakes, Exercise, and Weight Status Can Be Explained by Nutrition- and Health-Related Psychosocial Factors and Socioeconomic Status among US Adults?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jada.2011.09.036
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Chen, Xiaoli
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wang, Youfa;Chen, Xiaoli
在美国，不同种族/族裔和社会经济地位 (SES) 群体的肥胖和其他慢性疾病存在巨大差异。这项研究调查了美国成年人在饮食、运动和体重状况方面的种族/民族差异在多大程度上可以通过营养和健康相关心理社会因素 (NHRPF) 和 SES 来解释。使用了来自 1994-1996 年个人食物摄入量持续调查和饮食与健康知识调查的 4,356 名美国成年人的全国代表性数据。 NHRPF 使用 24 个问题和相关指数分数进行评估。使用两次非连续的 24 小时饮食回忆来评估饮食摄入量。采用美国农业部2005年健康饮食指数来评估饮食质量。体重指数是根据自我报告的体重和身高计算的。社会经济地位是根据教育程度和家庭收入来评估的。社会经济地位较高的美国人的 NHRPF 和健康饮食指数得分较高。 NHRPF 中存在一些细微的种族/民族差异，包括食物选择和对营养相关健康风险的认识。多变量线性和逻辑回归模型揭示了饮食、运动和体重指数方面的一些种族/民族差异，但 NHRPF 很少解释这些差异，而 SES 解释了一些。经过 SES 调整后，非西班牙裔黑人的体重指数 25 的优势比与白人相比下降了 38%。对于运动，我们发现在控制 SES 的情况下，种族/民族差异的变化较小 (9.5%)。总之，NHRPF 可以解释很少的情况，但 SES 可能会造成美国饮食、运动和体重状况方面的一些种族/民族差异。 J Am 饮食协会。 2011；111：1904-1911。
Large disparities exist in obesity and other chronic diseases across racial/ethnic and socioeconomic status (SES) groups in the United States. This study examined how much of racial/ethnic differences in diet, exercise, and weight status could be explained by nutrition- and health-related psychosocial factors (NHRPF) and SES among US adults. Nationally representative data of 4,356 US adults from the 1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals and the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey were used. NHRPF were assessed using 24 questions and related index scores. Dietary intakes were assessed using two nonconsecutive 24-hour dietary recalls. The US Department of Agriculture 2005 Healthy Eating Index was applied to evaluate diet quality. Body mass index was calculated based on self-reported weight and height. SES was assessed using education and household income. Americans with higher SES had better NHRPF and Healthy Eating Index scores. There were some small racial/ethnic differences in NHRPF, including making food choices and awareness of nutrition-related health risks. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models revealed some racial/ethnic differences in diet, exercise, and body mass index, but few of these disparities was explained by NHRPF, whereas SES explained some. The odds ratio of body mass index 25 for non-Hispanic blacks compared with whites decreased by 38% after SES was adjusted for. For exercise, we found a smaller change (9.5%) in the racial/ethnic differences when controlling for SES. In conclusion, NHRPF may explain very few, but SES may contribute some of the racial/ethnic disparities in diet, exercise, and weight status in the United States. J Am Diet Assoc. 2011;111:1904-1911.