Copyright and Comics in Japan: Does Law Explain Why All the Cartoons My Kid Watches are Japanese Imports?
Copyright and Comics in Japan: Does Law Explain Why All the Cartoons My Kid Watches are Japanese Imports?
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日本的版权和漫画：法律能解释为什么我孩子看的所有动画片都是日本进口的吗？
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.347620
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Salil K. Mehra
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Salil K. Mehra
日本的一项主要出口产品--漫画及相关产品，包括动画片和所谓的“角色商品”，如交易卡、午餐盒等--的增长和发展，是与侵犯版权所有者对这些著名角色利益的书籍和产品的巨大开放市场的发展同时发生的。虽然许多侵权者都是不受审判的小人物，但那些经营这些商品的市场和书店的人往往是营利性的，甚至是公开交易的公司。虽然根据日本现行法律，侵权和共同侵权的诉讼显然都可以胜诉，但到目前为止，这种情况还很少见。看来，出于各种原因--例如声誉后果和相对较低的（合理的版税）损害赔偿金--提起这些诉讼在经济上并不合理。有趣的是，许多观察家认为，这些侵权市场的活力创造了许多创新，并培养了使整个行业受益的天才艺术家的出现。日本相对薄弱的法律的制度在其他地方也广为人知，但它似乎偶然解决了集体行动问题，防止了少数版权所有者的利益阻碍整个产业的增长和发展。
The growth and development of a major Japanese export - comics and related products, including animated cartoons and so-called "character goods" such as trading cards, lunchboxes, etc. - has occurred simultaneously with the development of very large, openly-held markets for what would appear to be books and products that infringe copyrightholders' interest in these well-known characters. While many infringers are judgment-proof small timers, those who operate the markets and bookstores that trade these wares are often for-profit and even publicly-traded corporations. Although actions for both infringement and contributory infringement are clearly winnable under existing Japanese law, up until now they have been rare. It appears that for a variety of reasons - such as reputational consequences and relatively low (reasonable royalty) damage awards - it is not economically rational to bring these suits. Interestingly, many observers believe that the vibrancy of these markets for infringement has created numerous innovations and fostered the emergence of talented artists who have benefitted the industry as a whole. The relatively weak legal regime in Japan, noted widely elsewhere, appears to have by chance solved a collective action problem and prevented the interests of a few copyrightholders from inhibiting the growth and development of the industry as a whole.