Are Processing Speed Tasks Biomarkers of Cognitive Aging?
Are Processing Speed Tasks Biomarkers of Cognitive Aging?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1037/a0017750
复制
发表时间：
2010-03-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Starr, John M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Deary, Ian J.;Johnson, Wendy;Starr, John M.
我们在 70 岁相对健康的男性和女性的大样本（>900 名）中检查了 5 种处理速度测量与一般认知能力之间的关联。处理速度测试包括韦克斯勒数字符号编码和符号搜索、简单反应时间、4 项选择反应时间和检查时间。为了探究处理速度任务是否可能是认知衰老的生物标志物，我们在调整了近 60 年前测量的认知能力后，检查了处理速度任务与一般认知能力之间关联的衰减。除了检查时间之外，衰减很大。检查时间是唯一的处理速度指标，所有这些指标都是在 70 岁时测量的，其与 70 岁时认知能力的相关性显着大于与 11 岁时认知能力的相关性。在老年时，最常用的处理速度指标的个体差异在很大程度上取决于儿童时期的认知能力。对于所有处理速度任务，都会留下一些差异，这似乎与老化差异有关。检查时间是最不依赖儿童智力的标志，应进一步被视为认知衰老的生物标志之一。
We examined the association between 5 processing speed measures and general cognitive ability in a large (>900) sample of relatively healthy men and women at age 70. The processing speed tests were the Wechsler Digit Symbol-Coding and Symbol Search, simple reaction time, 4-choice reaction time, and inspection time. To inquire whether the processing speed tasks might be biomarkers of cognitive aging, we examined the attenuations in their associations with general cognitive ability after adjusting for cognitive ability measured almost 60 years earlier. With the exception of inspection time, the attenuations were substantial. Inspection time was the only processing speed measure all of which were measured at age 70 whose correlation with cognitive ability at age 70 was significantly greater than the correlation with cognitive ability at age 11. In old age, individual differences in most commonly used measures of processing speed are largely dependent on childhood cognitive ability. For all processing speed tasks, a little variance is left that appears to be related to aging differences. Inspection time, the marker that was least dependent on childhood intelligence, should be considered further as one biomarker of cognitive aging.