Mouse incising central pattern generator: Characteristics and modulation by pain.
Mouse incising central pattern generator: Characteristics and modulation by pain.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.08.012
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发表时间：
2018-11-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Morris-Wiman J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Widmer CG;Morris-Wiman J
脊椎动物的切割和咀嚼是由一组神经元控制的，这些神经元包括用于咀嚼的中央模式发生器（CPG）。执行这些任务的下颌定位和力生成是复杂的，并且需要协调位于下颌两侧肌肉中的多个下颌打开和闭合肌肉隔室。本研究的目的是通过记录小鼠在饲养笼环境中的切割力来确定CPG的特征，以评价力特征随切割频率和力方向的变化。第二个目的是评估下颌闭合肌肉疼痛对CPG输出参数的影响。使用连接到固体食物的三维力传感器记录数字化切割力约24小时。在最后一次（第四次）基线评估期间以及第二次向左咬肌注射酸性盐水后7天（出现最大疼痛时），对雄性和雌性CD-1小鼠进行评价。从三个轴数据计算切割力合力，并评估力参数，包括峰间间隔（IPI），峰值振幅，加载时间和卸载时间。进行多元回归分析，以确定具有显著相关（p <0.001）的力参数的切割事件。这些切割事件被认为是代表的输出的CPG与传入的感觉传入输入的稳定状态。对每个离散切割频率（4.6、5.3、6.2、7.6 Hz）和主要力方向（钳口闭合（− Z）、钳口复位（+X）和钳口突出（− X））的切割参数进行了评价。观察到切割频率（IPI）与加载时间之间存在显著相关性。随着切割频率的增加，峰值振幅显著降低，而负荷率显著增加。当考虑力的方向时，发现力的峰值振幅和载荷率具有统计学差异，在钳口闭合方向上发现较小的峰值振幅和较小的载荷率。疼痛对切割的影响是在较低切割频率下与基线条件相比降低切割的峰值振幅和负荷率。与用于运动的中央模式发生器一样，用于切割的CPG控制节律性、峰值幅度和力负荷持续时间/速率。然而，与用于运动的CPG不同，切割力的幅度随着频率的增加而减小。在切割过程中，负荷率随着更快的节奏而增加，并且与较大运动单位的募集一致。肌肉疼痛降低了CPG对运动神经元的兴奋性驱动，为疼痛适应模型提供了进一步的支持。
Vertebrate incising and chewing are controlled by a set of neurons comprising the central pattern generator (CPG) for mastication. Mandibular positioning and force generation to perform these tasks is complex and requires coordination of multiple jaw opening and closing muscle compartments located in muscles on both sides of the jaw. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of the CPG by recording mouse incising forces in the home cage environment to evaluate changes in force characteristics with incising frequency and force direction. A second purpose was to evaluate the effects of jaw closing muscle pain on CPG output parameters. Digitized incising forces were recorded for approximately 24 hours using a 3-dimensional force transducer attached to solid food chow. Male and female CD-1 mice were evaluated during their last (fourth) baseline assessment and seven days after a second acidic saline injection into the left masseter muscle when maximum pain was experienced. Incising force resultants were calculated from the three axes data and force parameters were assessed including inter-peak intervals (IPI), peak amplitude, load time and unload time. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to identify incising episodes that had parameters of force that were significantly correlated (p < 0.001). These incising episodes were considered to represent the output of the CPG with a steady state of incoming sensory afferent inputs. Incising parameters were evaluated for each of the discrete incising frequencies (4.6, 5.3, 6.2, 7.6 Hz) and the predominant force directions: jaw closing (−Z), jaw retrusion (+X) and jaw protrusion (−X). A significant correlation between incising frequency (IPI) and the load time was observed. A significant decrease in peak amplitude was observed with higher incising frequency while the load rate significantly increased. The force peak amplitude and load rates were found to be statistically different when the force direction was considered, with smaller peak amplitudes and smaller load rates found in the jaw closing direction. The effect of pain on incising was to reduce the peak amplitude and load rate of incising compared to the baseline condition at lower incising frequencies. Like the central pattern generator for locomotion, the CPG for incising controls rhythmicity, peak amplitude and force load duration/rate. However, unlike the CPG for locomotion, the amplitude of incising force decreases as the frequency increases. During incising, load rate increases with faster rhythm and is consistent with the recruitment of larger motor units. Muscle pain reduced the excitatory drive of the CPG on motoneurons and provides further support of the Pain Adaptation Model.
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影响因子：
5.5
作者：
BRODIN, P;TURKER, KS;MILES, TS
通讯作者：
MILES, TS
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
English, AW;Carrasco, DI;Widmer, CG
通讯作者：
Widmer, CG
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
DREW, T;ROSSIGNOL, S
通讯作者：
ROSSIGNOL, S
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Lund, James P.;Kolta, Arlette
通讯作者：
Kolta, Arlette
DOI：
10.1016/0889-5406(90)70088-t
发表时间：
1990-02-01
影响因子：
3
作者：
EASTON, JW;CARLSON, DS
通讯作者：
CARLSON, DS