The motor system does not learn the dynamics of the arm by rote memorization of past experience
The motor system does not learn the dynamics of the arm by rote memorization of past experience
复制标题
DOI：
10.1152/jn.1997.78.1.554
复制
发表时间：
1997-07-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
MussaIvaldi, FA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Conditt, MA;Gandolfo, F;MussaIvaldi, FA
本研究的目的是调查神经运动对外部施加的扰动力的运动适应的学习机制。我们考虑了两种替代假设。据一位人士称，适应是通过学习手臂所访问的石板（位置和速度）与在这些状态下经历的力之间的映射来实现的。另一种假设是，适应是通过记忆沿着特定轨迹经历的力量的时间序列而发生的。第一种机制对应于开发环境动态模型，而第二种机制是“死记硬背”的一种形式。这两种类型的学习都会导致恢复不受干扰的表现。我们通过研究适应如何在不同类型的运动中转移来测试这些假设。我们的结果表明：1）对外部施加力场的适应发生在不同类别的运动中，包括但不限于到达运动；2）适应泛化于访问外部场相同区域的不同运动。这些发现与死记硬背的假设不相容。相反，它们与这样的假设是一致的：对运动动力学变化的适应是通过一个模块来实现的，该模块学习将环境场的结构再现为访问状态和经历过的力量之间的关联，独立于适应过程中进行的运动的运动学。
The purpose of this study was to investigate the learning mechanisms underlying motor adaptation of ann movements to externally applied perturbing forces. We considered two alternative hypotheses. According to one, adaptation occurs through the learning of a mapping between the slates (positions and velocities) visited by the arm and the forces experienced at those states. The alternative hypothesis is that adaptation occurs through the memorization of the temporal sequence of forces experienced along specific trajectories. The first mechanism corresponds to developing a model of the dynamics of the environment, whereas the second is a form of ''rote learning.'' Both types of learning would lead to the recovery of the unperturbed performance. We have tested these hypotheses by examining how adaptation is transferred across different types of movements. Our results indicate that 1) adaptation to an externally applied force field occurs with different classes of movements Including but not limited to reaching movements and 2) adaptation generalizes across different movements that visit the same regions of the external field. These findings are not compatible with the hypothesis of rote learning. Instead, they are consistent with the hypothesis that adaptation to changes in movement dynamics is achieved by a module that learns to reproduce the structure of the environmental field as an association between visited states and experienced forces, independent of the kinematics of the movements made during adaptation.