PIWI-interacting RNAs: Critical roles and therapeutic targets in cancer
PIWI-interacting RNAs: Critical roles and therapeutic targets in cancer
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DOI：
10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216189
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发表时间：
2023-04-20
期刊：
影响因子：
9.7
通讯作者：
Bian，Erbao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhou，Jialin;Xie，Han;Bian，Erbao
P 元件诱导的弱睾丸 (PIWI) 相互作用 RNA (piRNA) 是一类新型的小调节 RNA（长度约为 24-31 个核苷酸），通常与 PIWI 蛋白家族的成员结合。 piRNA 调节动物生殖细胞中的转座子； piRNA 还在许多人体组织中特异性表达并调节关键信号通路。此外，piRNA和PIWI蛋白的异常表达与多种恶性肿瘤有关，并且piRNA介导的靶基因失调的多种机制参与肿瘤的发生和进展，这表明它们有可能作为肿瘤的新生物标志物和治疗靶点。然而，piRNA 在癌症中的功能和潜在作用机制尚未阐明。这篇综述总结了目前关于 piRNA 和 PIWI 蛋白在癌症中的生物发生、功能和机制的研究结果。我们还讨论了 piRNA 作为癌症诊断或预后生物标志物和治疗工具的临床意义。最后，我们提出了一些有关 piRNA 研究的关键问题，需要解决这些问题，以便深入了解该领域的未来发展。
P-element-induced wimpy testis (PIWI)-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a novel class of small regulatory RNAs (approximately 24–31 nucleotides in length) that often bind to members of the PIWI protein family. piRNAs regulate transposons in animal germ cells; piRNAs are also specifically expressed in many human tissues and regulate pivotal signaling pathways. Additionally, the abnormal expression of piRNAs and PIWI proteins has been associated with various malignant tumours, and multiple mechanisms of piRNA-mediated target gene dysregulation are involved in tumourigenesis and progression, suggesting that they have the potential to serve as new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for tumours. However, the functions and potential mechanisms of action of piRNAs in cancer have not yet been elucidated. This review summarises the current findings on the biogenesis, function, and mechanisms of piRNAs and PIWI proteins in cancer. We also discuss the clinical significance of piRNAs as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic tools for cancer. Finally, we present some critical questions regarding piRNA research that need to be addressed to provide insight into the future development of the field.