Quantifying Older Black Americans' Exposure to Structural Racial Discrimination: How Can We Measure the Water In Which We Swim?
Quantifying Older Black Americans' Exposure to Structural Racial Discrimination: How Can We Measure the Water In Which We Swim?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s11524-022-00626-6
复制
发表时间：
2022-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
美国是建立在合法化的种族主义之上的，这种种族主义始于奴役，并以结构性种族歧视的形式继续存在。这种歧视很难衡量，因为它的许多表现形式很难观察并且是动态的。一个有用的工具可以衡量一个人生活中的环境、机构、时期和国家的历史。本研究的目的是设计一种符合这些标准并可用于大型国家数据集的结构性种族歧视衡量标准。为此，我们首先进行了探索性混合方法工具设计，包括对 15 名老年黑人成年人以及由 38 名歧视研究人员和其他主要利益相关者组成的焦点小组进行定性访谈。然后，我们在 9 种理论歧视背景下确定了 27 项结构性种族歧视指标。我们将这些数据与历史行政数据集相匹配，开发出一种工具，可以量化老年美国黑人在不同背景、生命历程和地理位置上遭受结构性种族歧视的情况。这些可以根据受访者的家庭住址映射到结构性歧视的生命历程。将这些与可用指标联系起来是一种很有前途的方法。它对参与者来说负担很小，并且随着更多国家数据集的出现，可以实现越来越多方面和集中的测量。灵活、可行的结构性歧视综合措施不仅可以更彻底地记录不平等现象，还可以就旨在促进种族平等的政策和计划做出明智的决策。据我们所知，这是第一项提出评估跨环境、生命历程和地理的结构性种族歧视的框架的研究，该框架以理论和预期参与者的生活经验为基础。领先的研究人员和政策制定者呼吁改进结构性种族主义和歧视的衡量标准，特别是生命全程的衡量方法。这项研究是朝这个方向迈出的一步。社会科学
The USA was built on legalized racism that started with enslavement and continues in the form of structural racial discrimination. This discrimination is difficult to measure because its many manifestations are hard to observe and dynamic. A useful tool would measure across settings, institutions, time periods in a person’s life and the country’s history. The purpose of this study was to design a measure of structural racial discrimination that meets those criteria and can be used in large national datasets. To do this, we started with an exploratory mixed-methods instrument design, including qualitative interviews with 15 older Black adults and focus groups with 38 discrimination researchers and other key stakeholders. We then identified 27 indicators of structural racial discrimination across nine theorized discrimination contexts. We matched these with historical administrative data sets to develop an instrument that could quantify older Black Americans’ exposure to structural racial discrimination across contexts, the life course, and geographies. These can be mapped to the life course of structural discrimination based on the home addresses of those surveyed. Linking these to available indicators is a promising approach. It is a low burden for participants and enables increasingly multifaceted and focused measurement as more national datasets become available. A flexible, feasible comprehensive measure of structural discrimination could allow not only more thorough documentation of inequities but also allow informed decision making about policies and programs intended to promote racial equity. To our knowledge, this is the first study that presents a framework for assessing structural racial discrimination across contexts, life course, and geography that is grounded in theory and in the lived experience of intended participants. Leading researchers and policy makers have called for improved measures of structural racism and discrimination and specifically for a lifecourse approach to measurement. This study is a step in that direction. Social Sciences
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
12.7
作者：
Gee, Gilbert C.;Walsemann, Katrina M.;Brondolo, Elizabeth
通讯作者：
Brondolo, Elizabeth
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Williams, D R;Yan Yu;Anderson, N B
通讯作者：
Anderson, N B
DOI：
10.1017/s1355617702813157
发表时间：
2002-03-01
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Manly, JJ;Jacobs, DM;Stern, Y
通讯作者：
Stern, Y
影响因子：
15.1
作者：
Chantarat T;Van Riper DC;Hardeman RR
通讯作者：
Hardeman RR
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Dougherty GB;Golden SH;Gross AL;Colantuoni E;Dean LT
通讯作者：
Dean LT