Agrarian reform, gender, and land rights in Uzbekistan
Agrarian reform, gender, and land rights in Uzbekistan
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乌兹别克斯坦的土地改革、性别和土地权利
DOI：
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Kandiyoti
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Kandiyoti
乌兹别克斯坦的土地改革受到相互矛盾的目标和优先事项的启发。立法在根据民粹主义压力和国际机构的结构改革议程增加私人获得土地的措施之间摇摆不定，在针对政府迫切需要保持对棉花生产和出口收入的控制而收紧和限制这种获得土地的反措施之间摇摆不定。本文利用2000-2011年在安集延省和霍雷兹姆省进行的实地调查，分析了性别分工在维持商品棉部门和小农经济方面的作用。自从苏联解体后，公共部门的就业和工资崩溃以来，小农经济已成为农村生计的支柱。报告还讨论了不同类型农场结构调整的结果，并强调了改革进程的性别差异结果，这一进程迫使越来越多的妇女脱离有记录的劳动力大军，从事临时、无报酬和非正式的工作。
Agrarian reform in Uzbekistan has been informed by contradictory objectives and priorities. Legislation has oscillated between measures to increase private access to land, in line with populist pressures and the structural reform agenda of international agencies, and counter–measures to tighten and restrict such access in response to the Government imperative of retaining control over the production and export earnings of cotton. Drawing on fieldwork carried out in the provinces of Andijan and Khorezm in 2000–1, this article analyses the role of gendered divisions of labour in the maintenance of a commercial cotton sector alongside a smallholder economy that has become the mainstay of rural livelihoods since the post–Soviet collapse of public sector employment and wages. It also discusses the outcomes of different types of farm restructuring and highlights the gender differentiated outcomes of a reform process that forces a growing number of women out of the recorded labour force into casual, unremunerated and informal work.