Subjective Organization, Verbal Learning, and Forgetting Across the Life Span: From 5 to 89
Subjective Organization, Verbal Learning, and Forgetting Across the Life Span: From 5 to 89
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DOI：
10.1080/0361073x.2013.741956
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
James, Lori E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Davis, Hasker P.;Klebe, Kelli J.;James, Lori E.
背景/研究背景：以前的测试编码，老化和回忆过程中的主观组织之间的关系产生了不一致的结果。本研究采用两种测量方法，即试验间重复配对频率（PF）测量和单向主观组织（SO）测量，考察了整个生命周期（从5岁到89岁）的主观组织以及言语材料的获得和回忆。方法：参与者（N = 2656）进行了一个版本的雷伊听觉言语学习测试，包括延迟回忆试验。方差分析（ANOVA）进行检查年龄和主观组织之间的关系，年龄和回忆。中介和增长曲线分析进行了进一步研究年龄，言语习得和主观组织之间的关系。结果：主观组织不能预测言语遗忘。儿童和老年人在言语习得和主观组织方面存在缺陷。中介分析表明，年龄影响的单词回忆的数量以及主观组织，主观组织影响的单词回忆的数量在儿童，年轻人和老年人。潜在增长曲线模型表明，随着时间的推移，主观组织的增加与每个年龄组随着时间的推移回忆增加有关。结论：主观组织对回忆有预测作用，儿童和老年人的主观组织和回忆都最低。年龄对回忆有直接影响，但这种影响部分是由主观组织介导的。大脑成像研究显示，在记忆单词的编码过程中，前额叶皮层的激活增加，这支持了我们的发现，即年龄会影响编码过程中语言学习和材料组织之间的关系。
Background/Study Context: Previous tests of the relationship between subjective organization during encoding, aging, and recall have produced inconsistent findings. The present study investigates subjective organization and the acquisition and recall of verbal material across the life span (from 5 to 89 years of age) using two measures, the intertrial repetition paired frequency (PF) measure and the unidirectional subjective organization (SO) measure. Methods: Participants (N = 2656) were administered a version of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, including a delayed recall trial. Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were performed to examine the relationship between age and subjective organization and between age and recall. Mediation and growth curve analyses were performed to further examine the relationship between age, verbal acquisition, and subjective organization. Results: Subjective organization was not predictive of verbal forgetting. Deficits in verbal acquisition and subjective organization were detected among children and elderly adults. Mediational analyses showed that age affected the number of words recalled as well as subjective organization, and that subjective organization affected the number of words recalled in children, young adults and elderly. Latent growth curve modeling suggests that increases in subjective organization over time are related to increases in recall over time for each age group. Conclusion: Subjective organization is predictive of recall, and both subjective organization and recall are lowest among children and elderly individuals. Age has direct effects on recall but this effect is partially mediated by subjective organization. Brain imaging studies showing increased prefrontal cortex activation during encoding of remembered words bolster our findings that age affects the relationship between verbal learning and organization of material during encoding.