SOURCES OF AGE-DIFFERENCES IN SPEED OF PROCESSING
SOURCES OF AGE-DIFFERENCES IN SPEED OF PROCESSING
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8624.1986.tb00259.x
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发表时间：
1986-08-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
KAIL, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
KAIL, R
进行了 3 个实验来研究认知过程速度的发展变化。在实验1中，年龄从8岁到21岁的受试者接受了一项心理旋转任务的测试，在该任务中，他们判断以不同方向呈现的成对字母是否相同或镜像，以及在名称检索任务中，他们判断成对的图片在物理上是否相同或具有相同的名称。指数函数很好地描述了随着年龄的增长，心理旋转速度和名称检索速度的增加，并且这两项任务的发育变化率具有可比性。实验 2 证实，心理旋转速率的年龄变化可以通过指数函数很好地描述。实验 3 证明，在心理旋转任务中，儿童的平均反应时间和成人对相应条件的平均反应时间之间存在完美的相关性。这些结果被解释为表明处理速度的年龄差异至少部分归因于随着年龄的增长而增加的中央限制机制。
3 experiments were conducted to study developmental change in the speed of cognitive processes. In Experiment 1, subjects ranging in age from 8 to 21 years were tested on a mental rotation task in which they judged whether pairs of letters presented at different orientations were identical or mirror images, and on a name retrieval task in which they judged if pairs of pictures were identical physically or had the same name. Increases with age in the speed of mental rotation and speed of name retrieval were both well described by exponential functions, and the rate of developmental change was comparable for the 2 tasks. Experiment 2 confirmed that age changes in rate of mental rotation are well described by an exponential function. Experiment 3 demonstrated, on a mental rotation task, a perfect correlation across conditions between children''s means response times and adults'' mean response times for corresponding conditions. These results are interpreted as indicating that age differences in speed of processing are due, at least in part, to a central limiting mechanism that increases with age.