eduPIC: an introductory particle based code for radio-frequency plasma simulation
eduPIC: an introductory particle based code for radio-frequency plasma simulation
复制标题
eduPIC：用于射频等离子体模拟的基于粒子的介绍性代码
DOI：
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
P. Hartmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Z. Donkó;A. Derzsi;M. Vass;B. Horváth;S. Wilczek;B. Hartmann;P. Hartmann
基于粒子的模拟是带电粒子群和低温等离子体源数值研究不可或缺的工具。这种方法的主要优点是它们不需要对粒子速度/能量分布函数（VDF/EDF）的形状进行任何假设，而是提供这些基本的动力学理论量作为计算结果。此外，他们还可以提供，例如输运系数，在电场/磁场的任意时间和空间依赖性下。为了对在低压（非局域、动力学）状态下运行的各种等离子体源进行自洽描述，细胞内粒子模拟方法与碰撞过程的蒙特卡罗处理（PIC/MCC）相结合，在过去几十年中已成为一种重要工具。特别是，对于射频 (RF) 电容耦合等离子体 (CCP) 系统，PIC/MCC 可能是当今主要的仿真工具。这种方法能够描述各种操作条件下的放电，并在很大程度上有助于理解在各种气体及其混合物中、在具有简单和复杂几何形状的室中、由单频和多频（定制）波形驱动的 CCP 的物理原理。 PIC/MCC 仿真代码已由许多研究小组开发和维护，其中一些代码可作为免费软件资源提供给社区。虽然这种计算方法已经存在了几十年，但计算基础设施的快速发展使其变得越来越流行和易于使用，因为现在可以在个人计算机或笔记本电脑上执行简单系统的模拟。在过去的几年中，我们对涉及粒子模拟基础知识（包括 PIC/MCC 技术）的讲座和课程越来越感兴趣。针对这一点，当前的论文 (i) 提供了有关 PIC/MCC 技术的物理基础和算法的教程，并且 (ii) 提出了基本的（空间一维）静电 PIC/MCC 仿真代码，其源代码可通过各种编程语言免费获得。我们共享 C/C++ 版本以及用 Rust 编写的版本的代码，Rust 是一种快速新兴的计算语言。我们的代码旨在成为那些有兴趣学习 PIC/MCC 技术细节并希望出于研究目的进一步开发“骨架”代码的人的“入门工具”。在描述代码中使用的物理基础和算法之后，还给出了使用该代码在氩气中单频和双频 CCP 获得的一些结果示例。
Particle based simulations are indispensable tools for numerical studies of charged particle swarms and low-temperature plasma sources. The main advantage of such approaches is that they do not require any assumptions regarding the shape of the particle velocity/energy distribution function (VDF/EDF), but provide these basic quantities of kinetic theory as a result of the computations. Additionally, they can provide, e.g. transport coefficients, under arbitrary time and space dependence of the electric/magnetic fields. For the self-consistent description of various plasma sources operated in the low-pressure (nonlocal, kinetic) regime, the particle-in-cell simulation approach, combined with the Monte Carlo treatment of collision processes (PIC/MCC), has become an important tool during the past decades. In particular, for radio-frequency (RF) capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) systems PIC/MCC is perhaps the primary simulation tool these days. This approach is able to describe discharges over a wide range of operating conditions, and has largely contributed to the understanding of the physics of CCPs operating in various gases and their mixtures, in chambers with simple and complicated geometries, driven by single- and multi-frequency (tailored) waveforms. PIC/MCC simulation codes have been developed and maintained by many research groups, some of these codes are available to the community as freeware resources. While this computational approach has already been present for a number of decades, the rapid evolution of the computing infrastructure makes it increasingly more popular and accessible, as simulations of simple systems can be executed now on personal computers or laptops. During the past few years we have experienced an increasing interest in lectures and courses dealing with the basics of particle simulations, including the PIC/MCC technique. In a response to this, the current paper (i) provides a tutorial on the physical basis and the algorithms of the PIC/MCC technique and (ii) presents a basic (spatially one-dimensional) electrostatic PIC/MCC simulation code, whose source is made freely available in various programming languages. We share the code in C/C++ versions, as well as in a version written in Rust, which is a rapidly emerging computational language. Our code intends to be a ‘starting tool’ for those who are interested in learning the details of the PIC/MCC technique and would like to develop the ‘skeleton’ code further, for their research purposes. Following the description of the physical basis and the algorithms used in the code, a few examples of results obtained with this code for single- and dual-frequency CCPs in argon are also given.