Imaging intracellular and systemic in vivo gold nanoparticles to enhance radiotherapy.
Imaging intracellular and systemic in vivo gold nanoparticles to enhance radiotherapy.
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DOI：
10.1259/bjr.20150170
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发表时间：
2015-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Currell FJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Botchway SW;Coulter JA;Currell FJ
纳米颗粒在癌症治疗中提供了替代选择，既作为药物递送载体，又作为癌细胞灭活的直接治疗剂。最近，金纳米粒子（AuNPs）已成为有前途的放射增敏剂，实现显着提高辐射剂量增强因子时，与千电子伏和兆电子伏X射线照射。AuNP在放射生物学中的使用现在受到在肿瘤中实现精确能量沉积的愿望的强烈驱动。因此，对生物和肿瘤样品中AuNP的检测、成像和表征的高效且简单的技术的需求日益增长。纳米尺度上的空间精确成像提出了一个严峻的挑战，需要高分辨率或超分辨率成像技术。在这篇小型综述中，我们讨论了使用金纳米粒子作为放射增敏剂以及各种当前和新型成像技术的挑战，这些技术旨在验证哺乳动物细胞中的摄取，分布和定位。在我们自己的工作中，我们已经使用多光子激发等离子体共振成像来映射AuNP的细胞内分布。这种方法的优点和局限性也将详细讨论。在某些情况下，可以利用与成像模态中使用的相同的“激发”机制来使其也成为治疗模态（例如，光疗）的一部分-这样的示例作为对所关注的成像模态的扩展被顺便讨论。
Nanoparticles offer alternative options in cancer therapy both as drug delivery carriers and as direct therapeutic agents for cancer cell inactivation. More recently, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have emerged as promising radiosensitizers achieving significantly elevated radiation dose enhancement factors when irradiated with both kilo-electron-volt and mega-electron-volt X-rays. Use of AuNPs in radiobiology is now being intensely driven by the desire to achieve precise energy deposition in tumours. As a consequence, there is a growing demand for efficient and simple techniques for detection, imaging and characterization of AuNPs in both biological and tumour samples. Spatially accurate imaging on the nanoscale poses a serious challenge requiring high- or super-resolution imaging techniques. In this mini review, we discuss the challenges in using AuNPs as radiosensitizers as well as various current and novel imaging techniques designed to validate the uptake, distribution and localization in mammalian cells. In our own work, we have used multiphoton excited plasmon resonance imaging to map the AuNP intracellular distribution. The benefits and limitations of this approach will also be discussed in some detail. In some cases, the same “excitation” mechanism as is used in an imaging modality can be harnessed to make it also a part of therapy modality (e.g. phototherapy)—such examples are discussed in passing as extensions to the imaging modality concerned.