Advancing Crop Transformation in the Era of Genome Editing
Advancing Crop Transformation in the Era of Genome Editing
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DOI：
10.1105/tpc.16.00196
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发表时间：
2016-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Stewart, C. Neal, Jr.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Altpeter, Fredy;Springer, Nathan M.;Stewart, C. Neal, Jr.
植物转化使人们对植物生物学有了基本的了解，并使商业农业发生了革命性的变化。不幸的是，即使经过30多年的技术进步，对大多数作物来说，转化和再生仍然是艰巨的。基因组编辑为提高作物产量提供了新的机会，但它依赖于遗传转化和植物再生，这是该过程中的瓶颈。在这里，我们回顾了植物转化的现状，并指出了实现作物基因组编辑所需的创新。植物组织培养方法需要优化和简化，以提高效率和减少培养时间。目前，有专门的农作物转化设施。应该开发单细胞和机器人技术用于高通量基因组筛选。参与发育重编程、伤口反应和/或同源重组的植物基因应该被用来促进转化植物的恢复。设计通用的农杆菌菌株并招募其他微生物，如Ensifer或根瘤菌，可以促进DNA和蛋白质进入植物细胞。合成生物学应该用于转化系统的从头设计。当植物转化系统得到优化时，基因组编辑可能会改变作物遗传学的游戏规则。
Plant transformation has enabled fundamental insights into plant biology and revolutionized commercial agriculture. Unfortunately, for most crops, transformation and regeneration remain arduous even after more than 30 years of technological advances. Genome editing provides novel opportunities to enhance crop productivity but relies on genetic transformation and plant regeneration, which are bottlenecks in the process. Here, we review the state of plant transformation and point to innovations needed to enable genome editing in crops. Plant tissue culture methods need optimization and simplification for efficiency and minimization of time in culture. Currently, specialized facilities exist for crop transformation. Single-cell and robotic techniques should be developed for high-throughput genomic screens. Plant genes involved in developmental reprogramming, wound response, and/or homologous recombination should be used to boost the recovery of transformed plants. Engineering universal Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains and recruiting other microbes, such as Ensifer or Rhizobium, could facilitate delivery of DNA and proteins into plant cells. Synthetic biology should be employed for de novo design of transformation systems. Genome editing is a potential game-changer in crop genetics when plant transformation systems are optimized.