Predator macroevolution drives trophic cascades and ecosystem functioning
Predator macroevolution drives trophic cascades and ecosystem functioning
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捕食者宏观进化驱动营养级联和生态系统功能
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2018.0384
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Denon Start
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Denon Start
生物学家现在认识到生态可以推动进化，而进化又会产生生态模式。我将这种想法扩展到更长的时间尺度，表明宏观进化转变可以在物种之间产生表型差异，从而对物种相互作用、群落组装和生态系统功能产生可预测的影响。重复的物种形成可以通过创建具有相似表型的群落从而加剧这些模式，从而加剧生态影响。在这里，我使用几个实验在蜻蜓幼虫中测试这些想法，这些蜻蜓幼虫占据有鱼的池塘、没有鱼的池塘或两者兼而有之。我表明，栖息地之间的宏观进化转变导致无鱼池塘物种相对于有鱼池塘专家更加活跃，减少猎物丰度，改变猎物群落组成并产生更强的营养级联。这些影响扩大到社区水平，对生态系统的多功能性产生可预测的后果。我认为宏观进化历史可以对表型特征产生可预测的影响，并对相互作用的物种和生态系统产生影响。
Biologists now recognize that ecology can drive evolution, and that evolution in turn produces ecological patterns. I extend this thinking to include longer time scales, suggesting that macroevolutionary transitions can create phenotypic differences among species, which then have predictable impacts on species interactions, community assembly and ecosystem functioning. Repeated speciation can exacerbate these patterns by creating communities with similar phenotypes and hence ecological impacts. Here, I use several experiments to test these ideas in dragonfly larvae that occupy ponds with fish, ponds without fish, or both. I show that macroevolutionary transitions between habitats cause fishless pond species to be more active relative to fish pond specialists, reducing prey abundance, shifting prey community composition and creating stronger trophic cascades. These effects scale up to the community level with predictable consequences for ecosystem multi-functioning. I suggest that macroevolutionary history can have predictable impacts on phenotypic traits, with consequences for interacting species and ecosystems.