Dissociable effects of surprise and model update in parietal and anterior cingulate cortex
Dissociable effects of surprise and model update in parietal and anterior cingulate cortex
复制标题
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1305373110
复制
发表时间：
2013-09-17
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Rushworth, Matthew F. S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O'Reilly, Jill X.;Schueffelgen, Urs;Rushworth, Matthew F. S.
大脑使用预测模型来促进对预期刺激或计划行动的处理。在预测模型下，令人惊讶的（低概率）刺激或行动需要立即重新分配处理资源，但它们也可能表明需要更新潜在的预测模型以反映环境的变化。惊喜和更新通常在实验范式中相关，但事实上，它们是不同的结构，可以正式定义为与观察相关的香农信息（I-S）和Kullback-Leibler散度（D-KL）。在扫视规划任务中，我们观察到不同的行为和大脑区域与惊喜/I-S和更新/D-KL相关。虽然惊讶/I-S与行为重编程相关，如反应时间较慢，以及后顶叶皮层[人类外侧顶内区（LIP）]的活动，但前扣带皮层（ACC）在预测模型（D-KL）更新期间被特异性激活。下后顶叶皮层（人类7a）中的第二个扫视敏感区域与LIP和ACC都有联系，它被惊喜激活并被更新调制。瞳孔测量显示惊喜和更新之间的进一步分离，惊喜对瞳孔面积的早期正效应和更新对瞳孔面积的晚期负效应。这些结果给出了一个计算帐户的ACC和两个顶叶眼跳区域，LIP和7A的作用，通过它们参与不同的任务，可以机械地理解。重新定位/重新编程网络中区域之间功能角色的分离也可能为神经现象的模型提供信息，例如灭绝和巴林特综合征以及忽视。
Brains use predictive models to facilitate the processing of expected stimuli or planned actions. Under a predictive model, surprising (low probability) stimuli or actions necessitate the immediate reallocation of processing resources, but they can also signal the need to update the underlying predictive model to reflect changes in the environment. Surprise and updating are often correlated in experimental paradigms but are, in fact, distinct constructs that can be formally defined as the Shannon information (I-S) and Kullback-Leibler divergence (D-KL) associated with an observation. In a saccadic planning task, we observed that distinct behaviors and brain regions are associated with surprise/I-S and updating/D-KL. Although surprise/I-S was associated with behavioral reprogramming as indexed by slower reaction times, as well as with activity in the posterior parietal cortex [human lateral intraparietal area (LIP)], the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was specifically activated during updating of the predictive model (D-KL). A second saccade-sensitive region in the inferior posterior parietal cortex (human 7a), which has connections to both LIP and ACC, was activated by surprise and modulated by updating. Pupillometry revealed a further dissociation between surprise and updating with an early positive effect of surprise and late negative effect of updating on pupil area. These results give a computational account of the roles of the ACC and two parietal saccade regions, LIP and 7a, by which their involvement in diverse tasks can be understood mechanistically. The dissociation of functional roles between regions within the reorienting/reprogramming network may also inform models of neurological phenomena, such as extinction and Balint syndrome, and neglect.