Alpha-lipoic acid supplementation and diabetes.

Alpha-lipoic acid supplementation and diabetes.
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DOI:
10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00118.x
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发表时间:
2008-11
期刊:
影响因子:
6.1
通讯作者:
Jialal I
Jialal I
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Singh U;Jialal I

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糖尿病是一种常见的代谢性疾病,通常伴有活性氧产生增加或抗氧化防御受损。重要的是,氧化应激与心血管疾病的风险尤其相关。 α-硫辛酸 (LA) 是一种天然存在的二硫醇化合物,长期以来一直被认为是线粒体生物能酶的重要辅助因子。 LA 是一种非常重要的微量营养素,具有多种药理和抗氧化特性。从药理学角度来看,LA 可以改善血糖控制和与糖尿病相关的多发性神经病;它还可以有效减轻与重金属中毒相关的毒性。作为一种抗氧化剂,LA 可以直接终止自由基、螯合过渡金属离子、增加胞质谷胱甘肽和维生素 C 的水平,并防止与其损失相关的毒性。这些不同的作用表明 LA 通过多种生理和药理学机制发挥作用。它的生物合成随着人们年龄的增长而减少,并且在健康状况不佳的人中也会减少,因此表明 LA 在这种情况下可能具有治疗作用。本文回顾了 LA 的已知疗效,特别是针对 1 型和 2 型糖尿病。人们特别关注 LA 在糖尿病患者血糖控制、改善胰岛素敏感性、氧化应激和神经病变方面的潜在益处。看来补充 LA 的主要益处是对糖尿病神经病变患者。
Diabetes is a common metabolic disorder that is usually accompanied by increased production of reactive oxygen species or by impaired antioxidant defenses. Importantly, oxidative stress is particularly relevant to the risk of cardiovascular disease. Alpha-lipoic acid (LA), a naturally occurring dithiol compound, has long been known as an essential cofactor for mitochondrial bioenergetic enzymes. LA is a very important micronutrient with diverse pharmacologic and antioxidant properties. Pharmacologically, LA improves glycemic control and polyneuropathies associated with diabetes mellitus; it also effectively mitigates toxicities associated with heavy metal poisoning. As an antioxidant, LA directly terminates free radicals, chelates transition metal ions, increases cytosolic glutathione and vitamin C levels, and prevents toxicities associated with their loss. These diverse actions suggest that LA acts by multiple mechanisms both physiologically and pharmacologically. Its biosynthesis decreases as people age and is reduced in people with compromised health, thus suggesting a possible therapeutic role for LA in such cases. Reviewed here is the known efficacy of LA with particular reference to types 1 and 2 diabetes. Particular attention is paid to the potential benefits of LA with respect to glycemic control, improved insulin sensitivity, oxidative stress, and neuropathy in diabetic patients. It appears that the major benefit of LA supplementation is in patients with diabetic neuropathy.
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