Carbon Nanoarchitectonics for Energy and Related Applications
Carbon Nanoarchitectonics for Energy and Related Applications
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DOI：
10.3390/c7040073
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发表时间：
2021-12-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Ariga, Katsuhiko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shrestha, Rekha Goswami;Shrestha, Lok Kumar;Ariga, Katsuhiko
纳米建筑学是最近提出的后纳米技术概念。它是从纳米级单元生产功能材料的方法学。碳基材料被积极地用于纳米结构方法。这篇综述从纳米结构学概念的角度解释了最近碳材料的能源和相关应用的几个例子。根据用于纳米结构材料的碳源的分类来描述说明和讨论：（i）来自分子和超分子组装体的碳纳米结构;（ii）来自富勒烯的碳纳米结构;（iii）来自生物质的碳纳米结构;和（iv）具有复合物和杂化物的碳纳米结构。功能性碳材料可以通过各种工艺进行纳米结构化，包括使用设计的分子源进行熟练的有机合成;在各种条件下进行富勒烯的自组装;从生物质进行实用的低成本合成;以及使用各种碳源形成混合物/复合物。这些例子引人注目地证明了纳米结构学方法从各种组分（如小分子、富勒烯、其他纳米碳和天然丰富的生物质）生产功能性碳材料的巨大潜力。虽然这篇评论文章仅展示了超级电容器等能源相关用途的有限应用方面，但也有望应用于更先进的电池和电池、环境监测和修复、生物医疗用途和先进设备。
Nanoarchitectonics has been recently proposed as a post-nanotechnology concept. It is the methodology to produce functional materials from nanoscale units. Carbon-based materials are actively used in nanoarchitectonics approaches. This review explains several recent examples of energy and related applications of carbon materials from the viewpoint of the nanoarchitectonics concept. Explanations and discussions are described according to the classification of carbon sources for nanostructured materials: (i) carbon nanoarchitectonics from molecules and supramolecular assemblies; (ii) carbon nanoarchitectonics from fullerenes; (iii) carbon nanoarchitectonics from biomass; and (iv) carbon nanoarchitectonics with composites and hybrids. Functional carbon materials can be nanoarchitected through various processes, including well-skilled organic synthesis with designed molecular sources; self-assembly of fullerenes under various conditions; practical, low-cost synthesis from biomass; and hybrid/composite formation with various carbon sources. These examples strikingly demonstrate the enormous potential of nanoarchitectonics approaches to produce functional carbon materials from various components such as small molecules, fullerene, other nanocarbons, and naturally abundant biomasses. While this review article only shows limited application aspects in energy-related usages such as supercapacitors, applications for more advanced cells and batteries, environmental monitoring and remediation, bio-medical usages, and advanced devices are also expected.