Neural correlates of the LSD experience revealed by multimodal neuroimaging
Neural correlates of the LSD experience revealed by multimodal neuroimaging
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1518377113
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发表时间：
2016-04-26
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Nutt, David J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carhart-Harris, Robin L.;Muthukumaraswamy, Suresh;Nutt, David J.
麦角酸二乙胺(LSD)是典型的迷幻药物，但其对人脑的影响以前从未被现代神经成像研究过。在这里，三种互补的神经成像技术：动脉自旋标记(ASL)、血氧水平依赖(BOLD)测量和脑磁图(MEG)，在静息状态下实施，揭示了LSD后大脑活动的显著变化，这与其特有的心理效应密切相关。视皮层脑血流量(CBF)增加，视皮质α功率降低，初级视皮层(V1)功能连接谱显著扩大，与视觉幻觉的分级密切相关，这意味着内在的大脑活动对迷幻状态下的视觉加工产生了更大的影响，从而决定了其幻觉质量。然而，LSD对视觉皮质的显著影响与该药物对意识的其他特征影响并不显著相关。相反，副海马体和脾后皮质(RSC)之间连通性的降低与“自我消解”和“意义改变”的等级密切相关，这意味着这个特殊的回路对于维持“自我”或“自我”及其处理“意义”的重要性。在不同的成像指标之间也发现了很强的相关性，使人们能够对它们的功能意义做出更坚定的推断。在人们对迷幻药的科学和治疗价值日益感兴趣之际，这种对LSD状态的独特全面检查代表着迷幻药物科学研究的重要进步。目前的结果为迷幻剂特有的幻觉和改变意识的特性提供了重要的新见解，这些特性为它们如何模拟某些病理状态并可能治疗其他状态提供了信息。
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is the prototypical psychedelic drug, but its effects on the human brain have never been studied before with modern neuroimaging. Here, three complementary neuroimaging techniques: arterial spin labeling (ASL), blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) measures, and magnetoencephalography (MEG), implemented during resting state conditions, revealed marked changes in brain activity after LSD that correlated strongly with its characteristic psychological effects. Increased visual cortex cerebral blood flow (CBF), decreased visual cortex alpha power, and a greatly expanded primary visual cortex (V1) functional connectivity profile correlated strongly with ratings of visual hallucinations, implying that intrinsic brain activity exerts greater influence on visual processing in the psychedelic state, thereby defining its hallucinatory quality. LSD's marked effects on the visual cortex did not significantly correlate with the drug's other characteristic effects on consciousness, however. Rather, decreased connectivity between the parahippocampus and retrosplenial cortex (RSC) correlated strongly with ratings of "ego-dissolution" and "altered meaning," implying the importance of this particular circuit for the maintenance of "self" or "ego" and its processing of "meaning." Strong relationships were also found between the different imaging metrics, enabling firmer inferences to be made about their functional significance. This uniquely comprehensive examination of the LSD state represents an important advance in scientific research with psychedelic drugs at a time of growing interest in their scientific and therapeutic value. The present results contribute important new insights into the characteristic hallucinatory and consciousness-altering properties of psychedelics that inform on how they can model certain pathological states and potentially treat others.