Life span and disability: a cross sectional comparison of Russian and Swedish community based data
Life span and disability: a cross sectional comparison of Russian and Swedish community based data
复制标题
DOI：
10.1136/bmj.38202.667130.55
复制
发表时间：
2004-10-02
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Marmot, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bobak, M;Kristenson, M;Marmot, M
目的 比较高预期寿命国家俄罗斯和瑞典中老年人的残疾水平（身体机能和自评健康）。设计横断面研究。设置俄罗斯联邦和瑞典南部两个县的一般人口。参与者随机选择瑞典（n = 9489）和俄罗斯（n = 1599）的男性和女性。主要结果指标官方生命表数据；自评健康和身体机能（SF-36 的子量表）。结果 官方生命表数据显示死亡率存在巨大差异，例如，45-49 岁的俄罗斯男性中有 36% 的人能够在未来 25 年生存，而瑞典男性的这一比例为 75%。调查数据显示，对于男女来说，在45岁左右之前，两国的自评健康和身体机能水平相似，但此后，俄罗斯这两项结果与年龄相关的下降速度比瑞典快得多。通过将国家生命表与身体机能调查数据相结合，我们估计在 45-49 岁年龄组中，99% 的俄罗斯男性和 97% 的瑞典男性将没有残疾；其中，如果这些数据针对一个队列，那么 25 年后，只有 17% 的俄罗斯人能够存活且没有残疾，而瑞典人的这一比例为 65%。女性的生存率差异相似。结论俄罗斯老年人和瑞典人的无残疾生存率存在很大差异。俄罗斯人的寿命较短反映出健康状况不佳和残疾程度较高，并与年龄相关的身体机能迅速下降有关。
Objectives To compare levels of disability (in terms of physical function and self rated health) among middle aged and elderly people in Russia and Sweden, a country with high life expectancy.Design Cross sectional study.Setting General population of the Russian Federation and of two counties in southern Sweden.Participants Randomly selected men and women in Sweden (n = 9489) and Russia (n = 1599).Main outcome measures Official life table data; self rated health and physical functioning (subscale of the SF-36).Results The official life table data showed large differences in mortality-for example, 36% of Russian men aged 45-49 years would survive the next 25 years compared with 75% of Swedish men. The survey data showed, for both sexes, similar levels of self rated health and physical functioning in the two countries up to the age of about 45 years, but after that, the age related decline in both outcomes was much faster in Russia than in Sweden. By combining the national life tables with survey data on physical functioning we estimated that in the age group 45-49 years, 99% of Russian and 97% of Swedish men would be free of disability; of these, if these data were for a cohort, only 17% of Russians would be alive and free of disability 25 years later compared with 65% of Swedes. The difference in survival was similar in women.Conclusions Large differences exist in survival without disability between elderly Russians and Swedes. The short life span in Russia reflects high levels of ill health and disability and is associated with a rapid age related decline in physical functioning.