THE SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION OF DRUG-USE AND DRUG DEALING AMONG URBAN GANGS
THE SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION OF DRUG-USE AND DRUG DEALING AMONG URBAN GANGS
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1745-9125.1989.tb01049.x
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发表时间：
1989-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
FAGAN, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FAGAN, J
青年帮派是城市景观的主要组成部分。帮派成员总是参与集体和个人暴力，近年来还参与吸毒和毒品交易。最近，参与毒品交易与帮派之间暴力活动的增加有关。然而，帮派内部组织和社会进程的差异表明，帮派成员之间的毒品犯罪关系也将有所不同。通过对三个城市151名帮派成员的访谈，对毒品与犯罪的关系进行了分析。确定了四种帮派类型，并在三个城市观察到了类似的帮派类型。所有帮派类型都有很高的吸毒率，但毒品交易各不相同。集体帮派犯罪的严重程度与帮派内吸毒的普遍程度有关。毒品交易发生在与暴力和其他犯罪有高度和低程度牵连的帮派之间。参与可卡因、鸦片类药物和五氯苯酚的人包括暴力和非暴力团伙，以及参与不同毒品交易的团伙。结果表明，毒品与犯罪的关系对帮派成员来说是扭曲和虚假的，类似于非帮派市中心青少年的关系。暴力帮派成员更多地报告说，他们的帮派中存在社会组织和凝聚力的几个特征，与帮派参与毒品使用和交易无关。与其他城市青少年一样，对于帮派成员来说，暴力并不是参与毒品使用或交易的必然后果。
Youth gangs are a major part of the urban landscape. Gang members always have been involved in collective and individual violence and, in recent years, in drug use and drug dealing. Involvement in drug dealing recently has been associated with increased violence among gangs. However, variation in organizational and social processes within gangs suggests that there also will be variation in drug-crime relationships among gang members. Analyses of the drug-crime relationships were conducted from interviews with 151 gang members in three cities. Four types of gangs were identified, and similar gang types were observed in the three cities. All gang types had high involvement in drug use, but drug dealing varied. The severity of collective gang crime was associated with the prevalence of drug use within a gang. Drug dealing occurred among gangs with both high and low involvement in violence and other crimes. Involvement in cocaine, opiates, and PCP occurred among both violent and nonviolent gangs, as well as among gangs with different involvement in drug dealing. The results suggest that the drug-crime relationship is skewed and spurious for gang members, similar to relationships among nongang inner-city adolescents. Members of violent gangs more often reported the existence of several features of social organization and cohesion in their gangs, independent of gang involvement in drug use and dealing. Similar to other urban adolescents, for gang members violence is not an inevitable consequence of involvement in drug use or dealing.