Tuberculosis in Birds: Insights into the Mycobacterium avium Infections.
Tuberculosis in Birds: Insights into the Mycobacterium avium Infections.
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DOI：
10.4061/2011/712369
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Sawant PM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dhama K;Mahendran M;Tiwari R;Dayal Singh S;Kumar D;Singh S;Sawant PM
结核病是世界动物卫生组织的B类疾病，由M. avium或M. genavense主要影响家禽和宠物或圈养鸟类。鸟类的临床表现包括消瘦、抑郁和腹泻，沿着有明显的胸肌萎缩。与动物和人类的结核病不同，肺部病变很少见。在肝、脾、肠和骨髓中可见结节。肉芽肿性病变无钙化是一个突出的特点。这种疾病是一种罕见的有组织的家禽部门，由于改善农场的做法，但发生在动物园的鸟舍。分子技术如聚合酶链反应结合限制性片段长度多态性和基因探针有助于快速鉴定和表征分枝杆菌亚种，并克服了传统方法的缺点，这些方法缓慢，劳动密集，有时可能无法产生精确的结果。M.鸟亚种具有基因型IS 901+和IS 1245+的禽流感也引起动物和人类的感染。 这种细菌引起牛对结核菌素试验敏感。本文对M.禽流感在鸟类中的感染，其在人畜共患病的角度来看的重要性，并概述了其诊断，预防和消除在国内/宠物鸟和人类的传统和新的战略。
Tuberculosis, a List B disease of World Organization for Animal Health, caused by M. avium or M. genavense predominantly affects poultry and pet or captive birds. Clinical manifestations in birds include emaciation, depression and diarrhea along with marked atrophy of breast muscle. Unlike tuberculosis in animals and man, lesions in lungs are rare. Tubercular nodules can be seen in liver, spleen, intestine and bone marrow. Granulomatous lesion without calcification is a prominent feature. The disease is a rarity in organized poultry sector due to improved farm practices, but occurs in zoo aviaries. Molecular techniques like polymerase chain reaction combined with restriction fragment length polymorphism and gene probes aid in rapid identification and characterization of mycobacteria subspecies, and overcome disadvantages of conventional methods which are slow, labour intensive and may at times fail to produce precise results. M. avium subsp. avium with genotype IS901+ and IS1245+ causes infections in animals and human beings too. The bacterium causes sensitivity in cattle to the tuberculin test. The paper discusses in brief the M. avium infection in birds, its importance in a zoonotic perspective, and outlines conventional and novel strategies for its diagnosis, prevention and eradication in domestic/pet birds and humans alike.