Pollution and children's health
Pollution and children's health
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.375
复制
发表时间：
2019-02-10
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Bose-O'Reilly, Stephan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Landrigan, Philip J.;Fuller, Richard;Bose-O'Reilly, Stephan
调查结果：《柳叶刀》污染与健康委员会发现，2016年，空气、水、土壤和化学污染导致全球94万名儿童死亡，其中三分之二是5岁以下的儿童。污染分布不均，绝大多数与污染有关的儿童死亡发生在低收入和中等收入国家。大多数是由于空气和水污染引起的呼吸道和胃肠道疾病，污染还与儿童的多种非传染性疾病有关，包括出生体重不足、哮喘、癌症和神经发育障碍，这些疾病正在增加。污染，特别是化学污染对全球儿科疾病负担的全面影响尚不清楚，但几乎可以肯定的是，由于化学品暴露的模式没有很好地绘制出来，许多化学污染物的潜在毒性也没有得到表征。由于污染导致的儿科非传染性疾病的名单可能会扩大，因为新的化学污染物对健康的影响得到更好的定义，污染和疾病之间的其他关联被发现。结论：污染预防提出了一个主要的，在很大程度上未被利用的机会，以改善儿童的健康和预防非传染性疾病，特别是在中低收入国家。未能将污染预防纳入非传染性疾病控制计划是疾病预防的一个主要错失机会。(C)2018爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
Findings: The Lancet Commission on Pollution and Health found that pollution - air, water, soil, and chemical pollution - was responsible in 2016 for 940,000 deaths in children worldwide, two-thirds of them in children under the age of 5. Pollution is inequitably distributed, and the overwhelming majority of pollution-related deaths in children occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Most were due to respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases caused by polluted air and water.Pollution is linked also to multiple non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in children including low birth weight, asthma, cancer and neurodevelopmental disorders, and these diseases are on the rise. The full impact of pollution, especially chemical pollution on the global burden of pediatric disease is not yet known, but almost certainly is undercounted because patterns of chemical exposure are not well charted and the potential toxicity of many chemical pollutants has not been characterized. The list of pediatric NCDs attributed to pollution will likely expand as the health effects of newer chemical pollutants are better defined and additional associations between pollution and disease are discovered.Conclusion: Pollution prevention presents a major, largely unexploited opportunity to improve children's health and prevent NCDs, especially in LMICs. Failure to incorporate pollution prevention into NCD control programs is a major missed opportunity for disease prevention. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.