Keeping the blood flowing-plasminogen activator genes and feeding behavior in vampire bats
Keeping the blood flowing-plasminogen activator genes and feeding behavior in vampire bats
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s00114-008-0446-0
复制
发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Liberles, David A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tellgren-Roth, Asa;Dittmar, Katharina;Liberles, David A.
吸血蝙蝠是从以水果和昆虫为食的新大陆叶鼻蝙蝠中进化而来的。纤溶酶原激活剂是一种调节血液凝固的丝氨酸蛋白酶，已知在 Desmodus rotundus（常见吸血蝙蝠）的唾液中表达，并被认为是吸血蝙蝠出现吸血的关键酶。为了更好地了解这种生物功能的进化，我们研究了所有吸血蝙蝠物种的纤溶酶原激活剂（PA）基因，因为它们以鸟类和随后的哺乳动物血液为食。我们纳入了稀有物种 Diphylla ecaudata 和 Diaemus youngi，这些物种的纤溶酶原激活剂此前尚未被研究过，并证明在 Desmodus 中观察到的 PA 基因重复对于吸血鬼表型并不重要，但与该物种中主要哺乳动物吸血的出现有关。纤溶酶原激活剂通过基因复制、结构域丢失和序列进化而进化，导致纤维蛋白特异性和对纤溶酶原激活剂抑制剂-1 的敏感性发生变化。在进行这项研究之前，仅了解 Desmodus 的四种纤溶酶原激活剂亚型。吸血蝙蝠纤溶酶原激活剂的进化现在可以在系统发育上与吸血蝙蝠物种从鸟类血液到哺乳动物血液的摄食行为的转变联系起来。
The blood feeding vampire bats emerged from New World leaf-nosed bats that fed on fruit and insects. Plasminogen activator, a serine protease that regulates blood coagulation, is known to be expressed in the saliva of Desmodus rotundus (common vampire bat) and is thought to be a key enzyme for the emergence of blood feeding in vampire bats. To better understand the evolution of this biological function, we studied the plasminogen activator (PA) genes from all vampire bat species in light of their feeding transition to bird and subsequently mammalian blood. We include the rare species Diphylla ecaudata and Diaemus youngi, where plasminogen activator had not previously been studied and demonstrate that PA gene duplication observed in Desmodus is not essential to the vampire phenotype, but relates to the emergence of predominant mammalian blood feeding in this species. Plasminogen activator has evolved through gene duplication, domain loss, and sequence evolution leading to change in fibrin-specificity and susceptibility to plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Before undertaking this study, only the four plasminogen activator isoforms from Desmodus were known. The evolution of vampire bat plasminogen activators can now be linked phylogenetically to the transition in feeding behavior among vampire bat species from bird to mammalian blood.