Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living.
Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living.
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DOI：
10.1097/00006199-197005000-00029
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发表时间：
1969-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Lawton;E. Brody
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Lawton;E. Brody
在为老年人服务的机构中，使用正式的设备来评估功能正在成为标准。在老年学学会最近关于功能评估的合同研究(Howell，1968)中，可以很容易地组装在应用环境中使用的评分表、核对表和其他技术的大量分类。目前的行业状态似乎是，每个调查者或从业者都感觉到一种内心的计算，以制作自己的标尺，并抱怨其他现有的标尺不可能适合他自己的环境。作者与这家公司一起提出了两个量表，最初是根据他们自己的人口标准化的(Lawton，1969)。然而，他们感到一些安慰的是，一个量表，身体自我维持量表(PSMS)，很大程度上是由其他研究人员开发和使用的量表(Lowenthal，1964)，该量表被修改为在我们自己的机构使用。第二个量表是日常生活活动量表(IADL)，它利用了迄今为止在评估日常功能能力方面尚未得到充分代表的功能水平。这两个量表在为社区老年人服务的各种类型的机构和其他设施中进一步测试了它们的有用性。在详细描述这两个量表所衡量的行为之前，我们将简要描述这些行为所符合的能力图式(Lawton，1969)。人类的行为被认为是在各种任务中发挥作用所需的复杂程度的不同。最低的水平称为生命维持，紧随其后的是更复杂的功能水平--
THE use of formal devices for assessing function is becoming standard in agencies serving the elderly. In the Gerontological Society's recent contract study on functional assessment (Howell, 1968), a large assortment of rating scales, checklists, and other techniques in use in applied settings was easily assembled. The present state of the trade seems to be one in which each investigator or practitioner feels an inner compusion to make his own scale and to cry that other existent scales cannot possibly fit his own setting. The authors join this company in presenting two scales first standardized on their own population (Lawton, 1969). They take some comfort, however, in the fact that one scale, the Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (PSMS), is largely a scale developed and used by other investigators (Lowenthal, 1964), which was adapted for use in our own institution. The second of the scales, the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL), taps a level of functioning heretofore inadequately represented in attempts to assess everyday functional competence. Both of the scales have been tested further for their usefulness in a variety of types of institutions and other facilities serving community-resident older people. Before describing in detail the behavior measured by these two scales, we shall briefly describe the schema of competence into which these behaviors fit (Lawton, 1969). Human behavior is viewed as varying in the degree of complexity required for functioning in a variety of tasks. The lowest level is called life maintenance, followed by the successively more complex levels of func-