Armed conflict and the environment: A critique of the literature
Armed conflict and the environment: A critique of the literature
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DOI：
10.1177/0022343398035003007
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发表时间：
1998-05-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Gleditsch, NP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gleditsch, NP
争夺稀有资源，如矿产、鱼、水，特别是领土，是武装斗争的传统根源。最近，人们提出了各种各样的主张，认为环境退化将加剧资源稀缺，从而导致武装冲突的增加。到目前为止，对这一现象的研究还存在很多争议，相关的系统研究还很少。大多数关于资源、环境和武装冲突之间关系的学术研究都存在以下一个或多个问题：（1）对“环境冲突”的含义缺乏明确性;（2）研究人员从事定义和辩论活动，而不是分析;（3）忽视了重要的变量，特别是对冲突有重大影响并在资源和环境因素的影响中起中介作用的政治和经济因素;（4）一些模型变得如此庞大和复杂，以至于实际上无法检验;（5）根据因变量的值选择案例;（6）关系的因果关系被颠倒;（7）假设未来的事件被引用为经验证据;（8）研究未能区分外国和国内冲突;以及（9）关于适当的分析水平的混乱。虽然没有出版物的特点是所有这些问题，许多有几个。这篇文章确定了荒野中的几盏灯，并简要概述了一个研究计划。
Conflict over scarce resources, such as minerals, fish, water, and particularly territory, is a traditional source of armed struggle. Recently, wideranging claims have been made ro the effect that environment al degradation will increase resource scarcity and therefore contribute to an increase in armed conflict. So far, there has been much controversy and little relevant systematic study of this phenomenon. Most scholarship on the relationship between resources, the environment, and armed conflict suffers from one or more of the following problems: (1) there is a lack of clarity over what is meant by 'environmental conflict'; (2) researchers engage in definitional and polemical exercises rather than analysis; (3) important variables are neglected, notably political and economic factors which have a strong influence on conflict and mediate the influence of resource and environmental factors; (4) some models become so large and complex that they are virtually untestable; (5) cases are selected on values of the dependent variable; (6) the causality of the relationship is reversed; (7) postulated events in the future are cited as empirical evidence; (8) studies fail to distinguish between foreign and domestic conflict; and (9) confusion reigns about the appropriate level of analysis. While no publications are characterized by all of these problems, many have several of them. This article identifies a few lights in the wilderness and briefly outlines a program of research.