Characteristics and Reach Equity of Policies Restricting Flavored Tobacco Product Sales in the United States
Characteristics and Reach Equity of Policies Restricting Flavored Tobacco Product Sales in the United States
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DOI：
10.1177/1524839919879928
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Schillo, Barbara A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rose, Shyanika W.;Amato, Michael S.;Schillo, Barbara A.
2009年，美国禁止香料香烟(薄荷醇除外)，但允许使用其他香料烟草产品(FTP)。妇女、有色人种、青年、性少数群体和社会经济地位低的人群使用FTP的比例不成比例。地方已经通过了对FTP的销售限制，如果弱势群体受到影响，这些限制可能会缩小差距。这项研究评估了ftp限制在多大程度上达到了这些子组(“达到公平”)。截至2018年12月31日，我们确定了189个拥有FTP策略的美国司法管辖区。我们将司法管辖区与种族/民族、性别、年龄、同性伴侣家庭和家庭贫困的人口统计数据联系起来，并根据政策力度进行分层。我们计算了可达比(RERA)，以评估与其美国人口代表相比，受FTP策略覆盖的子组之间的可达公平性。风味保单覆盖了七个州6.3%的美国人口(2000万人)；0.9%的人被强有力的保单覆盖(占保单的12.7%)。RERAS显示，年轻人、妇女、西班牙裔、非裔美国人、亚裔、同性伴侣家庭和那些生活在贫困之下的人享有良好的覆盖平等。青年、美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加土著人(AIAN)和夏威夷土著/太平洋岛民(NHPI)的代表不足。强有力的政策有利于年轻人、生活在贫困以下的人、亚洲人、NHPI、2个以上种族的个人以及同性家庭的公平，但不利于妇女、青年、西班牙裔、AIAN和非裔美国人的公平。美国风味政策对许多(但不是所有)有使用FTP风险的子组有更大的影响。有必要对没有纳入调味品政策的人群更多地颁布强有力的政策，以确保处于危险中的亚群充分受益。
In 2009, flavored cigarettes (except menthol) were banned in the United States, but other flavored tobacco products (FTPs) were allowed. Women, populations of color, youth, sexual minority, and low-socioeconomic status populations disproportionately use FTPs. Localities have passed sales restrictions on FTPs that may reduce disparities if vulnerable populations are reached. This study assessed the extent to which FTP restrictions reached these subgroups ("reach equity"). We identified 189 U.S. jurisdictions with FTP policies as of December 31, 2018. We linked jurisdictions with demographics of race/ethnicity, gender, age, partnered same-sex households and household poverty, and stratified by policy strength. We calculated Reach Ratios (ReRas) to assess reach equity among subgroups covered by FTP policies relative to their U.S. population representation. Flavor policies covered 6.3% of the U.S. population (20 million individuals) across seven states; 0.9% were covered by strong policies (12.7% of policies). ReRas indicated favorable reach equity to young adults, women, Hispanics, African Americans, Asians, partnered same-sex households, and those living below poverty. Youth, American Indians/Alaska Natives (AIAN) and Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders (NHPI) were underrepresented. Strong policies had favorable reach equity to young adults, those living below poverty, Asians, NHPIs, individuals of 2+ races, and partnered same-sex households, but unfavorable reach equity to women, youth, Hispanic, AIAN, and African American populations. U.S. flavor policies have greater reach to many, but not all, subgroups at risk of FTP use. Increased enactment of strong policies to populations not covered by flavor policies is warranted to ensure at-risk subgroups sufficiently benefit.