Spatial attention systems in spatial neglect
Spatial attention systems in spatial neglect
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.05.019
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发表时间：
2015-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Karnath, Hans-Otto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Karnath, Hans-Otto
已经确定，与“空间注意”相关的过程是通过目标导向（自上而下）和刺激驱动（自下而上）网络在皮层水平上实现的。脑损伤个体的空间忽视被解释为这些过程紊乱的一个杰出范例。本文阐述了这一假设。两个注意网络的功能似乎在空间忽视中分离：对患者定向和探索行为的行为研究表明，刺激驱动的注意力系统受到干扰，但目标导向的注意力系统仍然存在。当一个目标突然出现在空间的某个地方时，如果它位于对侧方向，忽视患者会表现出干扰的检测和定向。相比之下，如果被忽视的患者在探索一个场景时自愿地、自上而下地控制空间注意力的转移，他们会在没有任何方向特异性干扰的情况下进行面向所有空间方向的运动。因此，这篇论文认为，似乎受到影响的不是自上而下的空间注意力控制本身，而是执行这一过程的与身体相关的矩阵。从这个意义上说，空间忽视作为“空间注意”的中风模型的传统角色需要调整。除了对人类刺激驱动的注意力系统的见解之外，这种疾病最引人注目的是提供了我们的大脑如何编码地形信息和组织空间定向行动的视角，包括与身体位置相关的自上而下的空间注意力控制。(C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
It has been established that processes relating to 'spatial attention' are implemented at cortical level by goal-directed (top-down) and stimulus-driven (bottom-up) networks. Spatial neglect in brain-damaged individuals has been interpreted as a distinguished exemplar for a disturbance of these processes. The present paper elaborates this assumption. Functioning of the two attentional networks seem to dissociate in spatial neglect: behavioral studies of patients' orienting and exploration behavior point to a disturbed stimulus-driven but preserved goal-directed attention system. When a target suddenly appears somewhere in space, neglect patients demonstrate disturbed detection and orienting if it is located in contralesional direction. In contrast, if neglect patients explore a scene with voluntarily, top-down controlled shifts of spatial attention, they perform movements that are oriented into all spatial directions without any direction-specific disturbances. The paper thus argues that not the top-down control of spatial attention itself, rather a body-related matrix on top of which this process is executed, seems affected. In that sense, the traditional role of spatial neglect as a stroke model for 'spatial attention' requires adjustment. Beyond its insights into the human stimulus-driven attentional system, the disorder most notably provides vistas in how our brain encodes topographical information and organizes spatially oriented action including the top-down control of spatial attention in relation to body position. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.