New approaches towards an understanding of deuterostome immunity.
New approaches towards an understanding of deuterostome immunity.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-59674-2_1
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发表时间：
2000
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Rast;Z. Pancer;E. H. Davidson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Rast;Z. Pancer;E. H. Davidson
脊椎动物的免疫系统以一种不同寻常的基因发明倾向而与众不同。例如，在免疫球蛋白(Ig)重链基因进化过程中，三种形式的程序性体细胞DNA重组(V-D-J重组、类别转换和高度靶向的基因转换)完全独立地出现。类似的现象在其他后生动物遗传系统中几乎是未知的。在对小鼠和人类基因同源基因的研究中，与非免疫基因相比，介导免疫的基因进一步以加速的序列分歧率为特征(Hughes 1997；-1993)。这两个属性，倾向于机械性的新颖性和高速度的序列进化，可能出现在宿主-病原体相互作用的动态性质中，因此是免疫系统的普遍特征。为了研究这种可能性，有必要对缺乏脊椎动物形式适应性免疫的动物门的免疫进行表征。近年来，在节肢动物免疫的研究中取得了许多分子进展(例如，Hoffmannet al.1996年；岩田县和川端县1998年)。随着这些数据的积累，结合这里描述的无脊椎动物后肢动物的类似工作，将会出现对免疫的更一般的理解。
The vertebrate immune system is distinguished by an unusual propensity for genetic invention. For example, three forms of programmed somatic DNA recombination (V-D-J recombination, class switching and a highly targeted form of gene conversion) have arisen entirely independently in the course of immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy-chain gene evolution. Similar phenomena are virtually unknown in other metazoan genetic systems. Genes that mediate immunity are further characterized by accelerated sequence divergence rates when compared to nonimmune genes in studies of mouse and human gene orthologs (Hughes1997;Murphy1993). Both of these attributes, the tendency towards mechanistic novelty and a high rate of sequence evolution, may emerge from the dynamic nature of host-pathogen interactions and thus be a universal characteristic of immune systems. To investigate this possibility it is necessary to characterize immunity in animal phyla where the vertebrate forms of adaptive immunity are absent. A number of molecular advances have been made in recent years in the study of arthropod immunity (e.g.,Hoffmannet al. 1996;IwanagaandKawabata1998). As these data accumulate, in combination with similar work on an invertebrate deuterostome that is described here, a more general understanding of immunity will emerge.