Surfing the implicit wave
Surfing the implicit wave
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DOI：
10.1080/02724980042000381
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发表时间：
2001-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Park, JH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shea, CH;Wulf, G;Park, JH
内隐学习是在两个涉及复杂运动任务的实验中进行研究的。参与者被要求在稳定仪上保持平衡，并移动他们所站的平台，以匹配不断变化的目标位置。实验一检查了在每次试验中重复的一个片段（中间三分之一）是否会在参与者没有意识到重复的情况下被学习（即，隐含地）。实验二的目的是确定外显学习与内隐学习的相对有效性。在这里，每个试验都呈现了两个相同的片段（第一个和最后三分之一），参与者只被告知重复了一个片段（第一个或最后一个）。两个实验的采集结果表明，在4天的实践中，性能有很大的改善，重复段的性能一般上级非重复段。在第5天的保持测试中，重复片段的错误小于随机片段的错误。此外，在实验2中，重复已知段的错误，虽然小于随机段，大于重复未知段。访谈结果表明，参与者没有意识到，一段重复，除非他们被告知。这些结果表明，内隐学习可以发生在相对复杂的运动任务，并保留有关的信息比提供这些信息更有益。
Implicit learning was investigated in two experiments involving a complex motor task. Participants were required to balance on a stabilometer and to move the platform on which they were standing to match a constantly changing target position. Experiment I examined whether a segment (middle third) that was repeated on each trial would be learned without participants becoming aware of the repetitions (i.e., implicitly). The purpose of Experiment 2 was to determine the relative effectiveness of explicit versus implicit learning. Here, two identical segments were presented on each trial (first and last thirds), with participants only being informed that one segment (either first or last) was repeated. The acquisition results from both experiments indicated large improvements in performance across 4 days of practice, with performance on the repeated segments being generally superior to that on the non-repeated segment. On the retention tests on Day 5, errors on the repeated segment(s) were smaller than those on the random segment(s). Furthermore, in Experiment 2, the errors on the repeated-known segment, although smaller than those on the random segment, were larger than those on the repeated-unknown segment. Interview results indicated that participants were not consciously aware that a segment was repeated unless they were informed. These results suggest that implicit learning can occur for relatively complex motor tasks and that withholding information concerning the regularities is more beneficial than providing this information.