Metallurgical Perspectives on Advanced Sheet Steels for Automotive Applications
Metallurgical Perspectives on Advanced Sheet Steels for Automotive Applications
复制标题
汽车用先进钢板的冶金前景
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-17665-4_18
复制
发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
D. Bhattacharya
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Bhattacharya
在汽车工业中使用新型钢材的两个主要驱动因素是燃油效率和更高的安全性能。燃油效率主要取决于钢制部件的重量，而钢制部件的重量又取决于规格和设计。安全性取决于用于制造零件的钢的能量吸收能力。所有这些因素都促使美国汽车制造商使用高成形性和先进高强度钢（AHSS）来取代过去用于制造汽车零部件的传统钢材。高成形性钢通常是由合金元素如Ti或Nb完全或部分稳定的超低碳钢。AHSS是用于描述各种钢的通用术语。最常见的AHSS是由铁素体-马氏体显微组织组成的双相钢。这些钢的特点是高强度、良好的延展性、低的屈服与抗拉强度比和高的烘烤硬化性。另一类AHSS是多相钢，其具有由各种相成分组成的复杂显微组织和高屈服强度比。相变诱发塑性（TRIP）钢是美国汽车制造商感兴趣的最新一类AHSS钢。这些钢由具有大量残余奥氏体相的铁素体-贝氏体显微组织组成，并且迄今为止在使用的AHSS中表现出最高的强度和伸长率组合。高水平的能量吸收能力与高n值的持续水平相结合，达到均匀延伸的极限以及高烘烤硬化性，使得这些钢对于安全关键部件和需要复杂成形的部件特别有吸引力。最后，具有非常高强度的马氏体钢也用于某些部件。本文将讨论上述所有类型的钢。
Two major drivers for the use of newer steels in the automotive industry are fuel efficiency and increased safety performance. Fuel efficiency is mainly a function of weight of steel parts, which in turn, is controlled by gauge and design. Safety is determined by the energy absorbing capacity of the steel used to make the part. All of these factors are incentives for the US automakers to use both Highly Formable and Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS) to replace the conventional steels used to manufacture automotive parts in the past. Highly Formable Steels are generally ultra-low carbon steels fully or partially stabilized by alloying elements such as Ti or Nb. AHSS is a general term used to describe various families of steels. The most common AHSS is dual-phase steel which consists of a ferrite–martensite microstructure. These steels are characterized by high strength, good ductility, low yield to tensile strength ratio and high bake-hardenability. Another class of AHSS is the multi-phase steel which has a complex microstructure consisting of various phase constituents and a high yield to tensile strength ratio. Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steels is the latest class of AHSS steels finding interest among the US automakers. These steels consist of a ferrite–bainite microstructure with significant amount of retained austenite phase and exhibit the highest combination of strength and elongation, so far, among the AHSS in use. High level of energy absorbing capacity combined with a sustained level of high n value up to the limit of uniform elongation as well as high bake-hardenability make these steels particularly attractive for safety critical parts and parts requiring complex forming. Finally, martensitic steels with very high strengths are also in use for certain parts. All of the above kinds of steels will be discussed in this paper.